Studies On Peasantry Working Style In Song Dynasty

What is called livelihood is earning livelihood. In traditional society, peasantry had variety of livelihood styles. As a whole, they were mostly depending on agriculture planting. They were pursuing other living styles, too. Thousands of years, there were no substantive changes. However, if the study from the detail, there is a dynamic process of evolution in peasantry working styles, namely agriculture division range gradually expanding. The kinds of peasantry work were gradually subdivided, while with the handicraft industry, commerce increasingly closer.With the context of positive changes in the Tang and Song Dynasty and goods-economic development reach the second peak, working styles of peasantry were changing. Investigation which based on the peasantry working style is important significance to the development of Song Dynasty rural economic. This paper studies about peasantry working styles of Song dynasty in the following three aspects.First, traditionally, peasantry was mainly living on agriculture, but the peasantry of Song Dynasty was living on soil, industry and commerce. Song Dynasty peasantry's producing mode and living mode were influenced by the change of Song dynasty family structure and the development of the Tenancy-economy.Second, it analyzes peasant working styles from following aspects: on the one hand, summarize the surroundings of peasantry working in Song Dynasty. Peasantry working choice depended on control of natural and social environment. Different peasantries coming from different environment would choose totally different working choices, and the livelihood what they chose was different, too., perhaps to be a peasant, or a commercial man, or a worker, or a thief.At last, analyze the influencing factors on peasantry working styles of Song Dynasty. This chapter illustrates the phenomena from environment, fund and technique, systems of country, and the self of peasant. Though peasantry was mainly living on agriculture, they also changed producing and living styles in order to maintain the existence of family and adjust to the changing social environment. Epilogue, summing-up the whole-length, point out the different choices of Song Dynasty, on the one hand, there were important significance in translating of peasantry occupation ideas, arrange labor force in effect and accelerating agriculture to specialization; on the other hand, catalyze the poor-rich differentiation.