A Research On External Economic Relationship In The Southwest During Late Qing Dynasty

Studying about the history of external economic relationship in some regions is the realm that is increasingly been laid emphasis on by history circles. Deeply studying on the history of external economic relationship in the Southwest in late Qing Dynasty will be a effective way to profoundly and widely promote the research such as the history of external economic relationship in the whole china and the history of the Southwest and provide us some history basis and object lesson for the need of the reformation, the opening to the outside world and economic exploiting in the Southwest.The base of business-trade with both neighboring countries and domestic regions in the Southwest had been established since history. The relationship of the Qing dynasty's metropolitans and neighboring countries' vassal states in the Southwest had disintegrated with the invading of both British's and France's Colonist. The big powers in the West not only made a breach in the Southwest but also penetrated their invading force from along the coast. The door of the Southwest had been opened. As opening forced, the characteristic of the external economic relationship in the Southwest is universal in the nation and distinguishing.The external economic relationship in the Southwest during the late QD was a low-level developing stage from beginning to ending that imports trade was principal, but foreign capital importing, introduction of men of ability and facilities and technical interchange and so on did not make great progresses.External trade in the Southwest in the late QD has some characteristics of being robbed in semi-colony and the capitalism nature as the nation. However, it has the following features, such as fast speed of developing toward foreign trade; very unfavorable balance of trade (import surplus); having a very little proportion in the whole China's general trade value; non-governmental trade force having kept the strong initiative in developing trade, transport and trade management; transit trade through other countries and districts in the Southwest being a obvious trait; opium trade having a special status in the foreign trade.In the introducing sides of capital in-put, installation, faculty, technology, etc, big powers, under the attraction of privilege protecting and rich resources in the Southwest, had made the schedules of investing intention, investing items and investing scales according to actual facts in the Southwest provinces. It showed upon making great efforts in the investment of trade; establishing a few factories in the industry of processing and manufacturing and in the light industry, unless getting enough profits; occupying mineral lands but opening up less; doing their best to invest shipping industry, planning more and building less in the railway investment. We were known the investment of big powers with the premise of making the most profits. Their wide investing fields were just for scrambling and extending power scopes.Activities of 'seeking sharp weapon' in initiatively learning from West in the competition and match between foreign aggression powers in Southwest areas, not only made the original hand-craft industry in Southwest part gradually convert to big machine industry after theSouthwest areas introduced technology, installation and faculty, but also created the new-styled industry on the basis of introduction. There were a few problems wanted to consider in the initiative introducing activities in these areas. The guiding thought of it mainly was 'saving the nation with industry and commerce'; The introducing purpose was for striving to become stronger and development, but not inherent requirement of economic development, restricted with the basis of nature environment and reality politics, economy and culture of these areas from the objective, and lacking calm systematical schedule from the subjective, which made purpose and wining be difficult to realize; On the independence character of introduction, the introducers tried to make faculty and technology localization a...