Guided by principles of Marxism-Leninism,Mao Zedong Thought and Dong Xiaoping Theory,according to object facts,this paper manages to expound the great influence of the year 1953 on the Republic development trend. The paper holds that the year of 1953 is an important watershed of the divisions of the Republic history. The publish of General Line for the Transition Period reflected the great change of guiding thought of the CPC in economic construction. That is to say,the former tentative plan for an independent and more long-term constructive stage of new democratic society had been suffering abandoned and the formal transition towards the socialist society had been beginning,which embodies prominently the new changes for former new democratic society theory in the transition time towards the socialist society and the place and role of national bourgeoisie and their economy. Thus,a unitary system of the ownership came to protrude and non-workers and non-peasants in social classes came to eliminate. The Fir.st Five Years Plan and Planned Purchase and Marketing by the State were implemented formally in 1953 as well. Undoubtedly,the two significant decisions with strong color of planning caused the building and consolidation of planning economic system in new China directly. It is thus clear that their enforced direct consequence for the above-mentioned great decisions in 1953 showed the official setup for Soviet socialist model in new China,while the guiding thought of the model was formed in 1953 obviously,which was reflected by the decisions that year. By historical analysis for the Left errors lasted over 20 years in the economic construction of new China after the middle fifties of the 20th century,we can also see a close historical link existed between the Left errors and the decisions in 1953. In other words,the impatient guiding thought in economic construction for the CPC was initially fixed in 1953. By profound and object analysis combining Marxism theory with the reality of China at that time,the paper points out the reasons the traditional.socialist model was built in new China as well. On the basis of the analysis,the paper put forwards several self-examinations with great theoretical and realistic significance for better socialist construction in China in future.The great effect of 1953 on the Republic development trend is observed and studied by the whole experienced period of the Republic in the paper. At the same time,the paper also affirms their positive significance of the above-mentioned decisions though they brought forth many negative influences on the Republic social development in the long-term view. They were a hard and valuable seek for the CPC on what is the socialist society and how to construct it besides their necessity. More important,they played a very important role on the giant achievements of new China before the Reform and Opening as well.
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