| The theory of Marxism holds that those changes courses of changing economic structure are decisive in the changes course of the whole society.And the development of the economic society is the basis for the development of the whole society. The development of the economic society and changes of economic structure,on one hand,are expressed as the appearance of new produetive mode;on the other hand,as being decided by the direction and degree of disintegration function of new productive mode upon old one. As far as the direction of disintegration is concerned,it's decided by its own nature of old productive mode. As fas as the degree of disintegration function is concerned;especially whether the new productive mode can reach the degree of dominating the development of the economic society,it is first decided by the stability and inner structure of old productive mode;secondly,according to modernization theory,it is decided by the organizing capablitity that new productive mode itself mobilices all kinds of resources to reach a new target.The huge change of China's modern economy and society is based on China's deep traditional economy and society 1840-1949. From the angle of human society's civilization history,the agricultural civilization of China's traditional economy and society,should date back to China's primitive society. The regulating floods of the reputed founder of the Xia dynasty and his becoming emperor had deep internal connection with his and his son Qi's starting China's traditional despotic economy and society. The two topics of agricultural civilization,preventing floods by water control and providing disaster relief,related to the existence and development of the Chinese nation which were the two main issues of that time. The agricultural civilization also had the support offered by the natural and geographic factors of the Huang river. So state despotic economy and society became necessary and in the society the state power was controlled by a fixed clan. The agricultural productive method attached to its native land led to natural economic structure of agricultural society. Thus,the state despotic economy and society based on natural economic structure must have three characters:Firstly,the development of state economy and society wholly and highly relied on political forces,not depending on science and technology and the productive forces themselves. Secondly,the development of the economy and society of individual peasants who lived in "Potato Society" which was singular factor of agricultural civilization. And the development highly relied on individual intelligence and household labor force. In face of the excessively powerful state despotic political force the development lostthe consciousness of uniting economic development forces. Thirdly,for several thousand years,the struggle between state despotism and individual peasants has resulted in the formation of balanced economy and society development system. This included the coexistence of "regarding officials as teachers" and imperial examination system;the coexistence of "All the land on earth belongs to the king" and the free system of selling and purchasing land;the coexistence of restricting the commercial activities or permitting their existence. These characters and their systems,effectively restrained the change forces oftraditional society---the development of merchants' capital. China'straditional economy and society themselves were short of the soil and surroundings for modern changes,as was the reason why China couldn't become modern countries that developed by itself.External capitalism became the key factors of China's economy and society modernization. Though external capitalism had political forces surpassing those of traditional China's despotism,priviledged treaties and policies,capital seed with high quality,etc. However,its two major economic means,merchandise trade and foreign capital enterprises were mainly restricted to "T" shaped narrow zones where it had trading ports and concessions as its...
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