From Alliance To Split

From 1950s to 1960s, the development and change of Sino-Soviet relations in some degree not only decided on the future and destiny of modern international communism campaign but influenced the international relations during the whole period of Cold War. Therefore, it is absolutely one of the important affairs receiving the most attention in the history of communism campaign and the history of international Cold War as well as the researching task which historians paid most attention to. With the historical Sino-Soviet archives having been made overt after the Cold War, the post-war Sino-Soviet relations became a researching hotspot in recent years and has achieved a lot. On the base of previous achievements, this dissertation probed the cause of the evolution of Sino-Soviet relations in 1950s and 1960s and the influence it had on China, Soviet, international communism campaign and international situation by using the historical method of investigation and then concludes some experience and lessens which can be used for reference by China's diplomacy in the future.This dissertation consists of four parts as following:Part one. The historical process of Sino-Soviet relations from alliance to split.This part divides Sino-Soviet relations in 1950s and 1960s into four stages. A) From the establishment of China to February 1956, just before the convening of the Twentieth Plenary Session of Communist Party of Russia (CPR). Sino-Soviet alliance came into being, Sino-Soviet relations had an all-round development. B) From the Twentieth Plenary Session of Communist Party of Russia (CPR) to October 1959 when Nikita Khrushchovvisited China for the third time. Sino-Soviet ideology deterioration appeared and influenced Sino-Soviet relations. C) From before Bucharest Conference held in June 1960 to October 1964 when Nikita Khrushchov dropped the reins of government. The Sino-Soviet controversy broke out, Sino-Soviet relations worsened all-round. D) From Nikita Khrushchov dropped the reins of government to March 1969 when the Affair of Zhen Bao Island happened. Sino-Soviet alliance relations ruptured completely, a waralmost broke out between China and Soviet.Part two. The main cause of Sino-Soviet relations from alliance to split.This part analyzed the causes of development and change of Sino-Soviet relations from five aspects. A) Historical factors. The aggression which Russia made to China in modern times and Soviet's strong-nation style when Stalin assumed the reins of government had hurt Chinese people's feelings badly. Under such national humiliation, The spirit of being independent and self-determined of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was shaping. It is just this sprit that caused the split of Sino-Soviet relations because it conflicted with Soviet's strong-nation style. B) International environment factors. Just before the establishment of Sino-Soviet alliance, the situation of Cold War came into being gradually. Holding identical views on the situation is just the objective base on which Sino-Soviet alliance established. With the change of international environment, bifurcation on the situation appeared between China and Soviet. Soviet Union realized the mitigating tendency of international situation and insisted on practicing mitigating strategies; however, China emphasized the international situation was still strained and insisted on going on fighting against imperialism. The above are the objective causes of the split of Sino-Sovietalliance. C) Ideology factors. Ideological consistence is the principal footstone of the establishment of Sino-Soviet alliance; ideological bifurcation is the manifestation and principal cause of deterioration of relations between these two countries. Comparing with nation's interest, ideological factors are not the decisive factors which led Sino-Soviet relations to change. D) Nation's interest factors. China and Soviet Union's mutual-requirements on their strategic interest is the principal factor which caused the establishment of Sino-Soviet alliance, but the t...