CCP’s Position On The Northeast China Issue During The Forming Of Sino-soviet Alliance:Changes And Causes,1949-1950

At the end of the 19th century,in order to safeguard national security and its interests in the Far East,Russia gained privileges in Chinese Changchun Railway,Port Arthur(Lüshun)and Dalian,which seriously violated China’s sovereignty.The Northeast China Issue arose.In 1945,the Soviet Union and Kuomingtang signed the Sino-Soviet Alliance Treaty of 1945.The Soviet Union’s privilege in the Chinese Changchun Railway,Port Arthur(Lüshun)and Dalian was made official.On the eve of the founding of New China,Chinese Communist Party(CCP)began to consider forming an alliance with the Soviet Union.During 1949-1950,there were three key visits between China and the Soviet Union aiming to negotiate an alliance,namely,Mikoyan’s visit to Xibaipo,Liu Shaoqi’s visit to Moscow and Mao Zedong’s visit to Moscow.The Northeast China Issue,one of the unsettled issues between China and the Soviet Union was discussed during the three visits.China and the Soviet Union needed to reach an agreement on how to deal with the Sino-Soviet Alliance Treaty of 1945 and the Soviet Union’s privileges in Northeast China.During these three meetings,CCP’s position on the Northeast China Issue changed from passive to active.During the first two meetings,CCP put forward solutions tentatively and listened to the opinions of the Soviet Union,avoiding possible conflicts.During Mao Zedong’s visit to Moscow,however,CCP became tougher on the Northeast China Issue,expressed strong dissatisfaction with the Soviet Union’s plan to maintain its privileges in Northeast China,and took various measures to force the Soviet Union to make concessions on the issue,thus successfully safeguarding China’s sovereignty and interests.Two main reasons led to this change:first,CCP’s primary goal changed during the three meetings;secondly,CCP’s understanding of Sino-Soviet relations changed during the three meetings.