The Change In CPC's Judgement Of The 20～(th) NCSCP And It's Affection To "the Exploration For Ten Years

The 20th National Congress of Soviet Communist Party(NCSCP), held in February, 1956, was an important turning point in Soviet Union's history and even in history of international communist movement. Nikita Khrushchev, the first secretary of center of Soviet Communist Party(SCP), delivered two reports to this Congress in which he put forward new views on international situation and sharply criticized Joseph Stalin, leading to common concern and shock of countries all over the world. As the second major party of socialist camp at that time, Communist Party of China (CPC) made its own response to this in 1950'and 1960'too.Although obviously different from SCP on issues about "peaceful transition from capitalist society to socialist one" and appraisal of Stalin, in general, CPC had basically held a positive attitude towards the 20th NCSCP before the Hungary incident in October, 1956. With changes of international and domestic situations since Hungary incident, CPC began to pay more and more attention to the negative effects of the Congress, and eventually its attitude changed into negative one. Certainly, this change took place step by step in a long time. After the 22th NCSCP in October, 1961, CPC concluded that Khrushchev had already "become a pure revisionist" in the beginning of the 20th NCSCP. From then on, CPC viewed the 20th NCSCP in thoroughly negative perspective, not in partly negative one after Hungary incident.The change in CPC's judgement of the 20th NCSCP deeply affected China's of ways to socialist construction at that time. CPC's general positive attitude to the 20lh NCSCP before Hungary incident played an active role in China's preliminary exploration around the time the eighth National Congress of CPC(NCCPC) was held. Guided by thought of "learning from Soviet' experience", CPC explored all possible ways to socialist construction boldly in such fields as politics, economy, ideological culture and made outstanding achievement. As CPC gradually negatived the 20th NCSCP after Hungary incident, many setbacks appeared in China's exploration, including that political line worked out on the eighth NCCPC was abandoned after implemented for one year, Stalin'smodel followed and strengthened again, and that Mao Zedong developed idea of "opposing to and taking precautions against revisionism" gradually and acquiesced in cult of his personality. As a result, The ''left" mistake on guiding theory got the upper hand in CPC.It is worthy for us to make a study of the root cause of radical change in CPC's view on the 20th National Congress of SCR Fundamental differences between CPC and SCP on issues of peaceful transition from capitalist society to socialist one and appraisal of Stalin were preconditions for the change, but the key to it was impossibility of eliminating their ideological divergence because their national interests were contradictory and Soviet imposed its chauvinism of big-party and great-nation on CPC. CPC viewed Krushchev's attempt to reform aiming at breaking through Stalin's model as "revisionism" and the 20th NCSCP as the source of "revisionism" basically because CPC began to stick to Stalin's model after 1958 and didn't know clearly about "what is socialism and how to construct socialism".Beginning with the 20th NCSCP, this paper attempts at analyzing of CPC's exploration from 1956 to 1966 specially and systematically from the angle of change in CPC's view on the 20th NCSCP, in order to summarizing experience and lessons of China's socialist construction, further deepening our understanding of the law of CPC's being in power and socialist construction. This paper holds that the socialist construction with Chinese character needs to do such things as follows: centering on economic development all the time, we should adopt a correct attitude towards the crises in the socialist evolution by observing and dealing with them calmly; regard national interests as supreme criterion and not be engaged in meaningless ideological dispute with the purpose of our country's development whil...