| At the same time when China's socialistic modernization construction is making great achievements, many problems also come into appearance with the?deepening of the reform and opening. Among the problems, corruption is one of the most serious ones. Especially, in the recent years, corruption seems to become more and more serious. Corruption brings great harm to the country and the society.Starting with the definition of corruption, the first chapter analyzes the economic, social and political hazards caused by corruption, and then discusses the direct and indirect causes of corruption. The article thinks that, the scarcity of social resources and the existence of public right provide corruption with the basic conditions, and these are the indirect causes of corruption; in the other hand, as the direct causes, institutional defects help the generation and overflow of corruption. The latter is mainly embodied in the following aspects: firstly, the public right is too wide and concentrated, and the government steps in economic activities too much; secondly, the defects of distribution system stimulate the occurrence of corruption; thirdly, the imperfect supervision system can't effectively prevent corruption from taking place. Therefore, Chapters 2, 3 and 4, respectively raise the corresponding countermeasures against the three causes.Chapter 2 firstly probes into the relation between government and market, and based on this basic theoretical analysis puts forward the corresponding institutional arrangement: building a moderate government to compress the space of corruption.The first section writes that, as two main resource allocation mechanisms, government and market both have their own shortcomings, namely government failure and market failure. Further analysis shows that the common cause of government failure and market failure lies in the contradiction between individual rationality and collective rationality. So we shall hold the principle of "taking full advantage of the market and carefully turning to the government" to handle the relation between the two. And the range of government's activities shall not exceed the range of market failure. Based on section 1, the second section looks into the meaning, functions and assessment system of a moderate government. Finally, the third section simply analyzes one of the critical aspects for building a moderate government, that is, reform of administrative examination and approval system.Aiming at the second institutional cause of corruption as analyzed in Chapter 1, the third chapter brings forward another basic countermeasure: reforming public servant's salary and reward system to reduce their motivations for corruption. This chapter firstly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of "keeping clean by high salary", and points out that currently this system is not suitable for China. But on the other hand, it is an undoubted fact that the public servants' legal incomes in the government are relatively low. Therefore, the author thinks that in this aspect, the principle of "keeping clean by proper salary and attracting talents by good pay" shall be insisted. Additionally, currently most the people only pay attention to the on-job incomes of public servants. So this article raises a new assumption that is to reward the honest and clean servants upon retirement, so as to lead their behaviors by using relatively high expected income, increase the opportunity costs of corruption, and reduce the officers' motivations for corruption. This may be called Retirement Reward for Honest and Clean Public Servants. To build this system, we can refer to Singapore's Central Public Accumulation System.As the last chapter of this article, Chapter 4 is mainly focused on another countermeasure, namely improving supervision mechanism and building a responsible government. This chapter divides supervision patterns into two classes:in-system ones and out-system ones, and respectively points out their problems. As a basic idea of modern democratic politics an... |
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