| Many contradictions are faced by development of Chinese agriculture. Among those contradictions, there are two most important contradictions. One is "small" and "large", that is to say , the contrary is between the small production of peasant and the large market of domestic and international; The other is between the "many" and the "few" , that is to say, the contrary is between the many surplus labor and the few cultivate area. The emergence of the key enterprises in agriculture industrialization is a new organization form which will settle those contradictions. So the government supports those enterprises greatly. We face a problem of choosing and evaluating the key enterprises. So it is necessary to do some study about the key enterprises' index system from the theory and practical sides.We adopted economic inquisition methods toward 10 key enterprises in Jiangsu Province, which included questionnaire investigation to all the enterprises and deeply interview to some of them. We tried our best to collect the information and made an analysis of key enterprises in Jiangsu Province. The paper also wanted to analyse the problems that they are facing from the economics, management and industry economics view.The paper is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 is trying to introduce theories of agriculture industrialization and the competitiveness of enterprises. Chapter 2 is trying to built the evaluated index system of key enterprises. Chapter 3 is trying to analysis the present situation of key enterprises in the process of agriculture industrialization in Jiangsu province. Chapter 4 is based in practical investigation data and the analysis of theory. This part will put the evaluated index system into practical analysis. Chapter 5 is trying to analyze the problems that the key enterprises are facing in Jiangsu province. Chapter 6 put forwards the policy suggestions for developing key enterprises in agriculture industrialization of Jiangsu Province.
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