Integrative Project Control

Three systems are involved in the development of society viewing from systemic aspect, and they are economic system, social system and ecosystem, each of which is very complicated. There is a close relationship among the three systems, and they have been interacting by the exchanges of material, energy and information. It has been a vital issue for human to make a good friendship with society and nature while pursuing economic development.With the development of economy and technology, projects have been the basic cells of economy, whose scope and influence are becoming more and more extensive. The project management in 21 century has been becoming a kind of long-term organizing and managing method, which has led to a series of changes in the enterprises and been becoming one of the core competences. Owing to the one-off, particularity and uncertainty of project, the project managers must provide uncertain products within certain time and budget via uncertain process, which makes it more difficult to achieve the objective. Project control is the key process to make the project go along the prearranged track and harmonize economy, society and nature. Being the longest and most arduous one in the 5 project management processes, project control is one of distillations of project management, which guaranteeing other processes go on wheels. There are a lot of problems in project control in our country, the most serious one of which is that most project managers attach more importance to the project control in economic system but ignore the ones in social system and ecosystem. Considering the importance of project control and the existing problems, the paper tried to provide an integrative project control method based on the present study, which can achieve benefit economy, society and nature at one time. The thesis can be divided into several parts in below:The first part introduced the trend of project management, the importance of project control and its relationship to project management, and provided an integrative project control method based on the present study, which confined to the schedule, cost and quality control. The second part introduced the integrative project control system as a whole. With the development of society, the object of project control has shifted from "three restrictions" to "make stakeholders satisfied". So the integrative project control system in this thesis has been divided into 3 subsystems: economic control system, social control system and natural control system. And each of them has several subsystems too. With integrative controlling in each subsystem, we can achieve the whole integrative project control via defining, balancing and integrating each subsystem.The third part explained the integrative project control in economic system in details. It mostly includes schedule control, cost control and quality control. The thesis introduced the basic methods of the three control systems first, then expatiate on the controlling method integrating schedule and cost as well as the one integrating schedule, cost and quality. Earned Value Concept can indicate whether the completed cost and schedule is consistent with the plan by comparing budgeted cost for work performed, budgeted cost for work scheduled and actual cost for work performed. Once one factor has been determined, the controlling method integrating schedule, cost and quality can control the other two factors, and take necessary corrective action in the following subprojects to avoid deviations.The fourth part explained the integrative project control in social system in details. The project implement can not be reversed to some extent and involved some complicated social relationships, so it is confronted a lot of uncertain factors and social risks. Project stakeholders model indicates the association of social benefit of project and the enterprises' performance and competence. The relationship between project and its stakeholders can be detected from the acquirement of resource and the reduced transaction cost...