Study On The Social Strataum Consciousness Of The Urban And Rural Residents In Chinese Mainland

In the era of accelerating transition, various disharmony factors enter the new active and frequently-occurring stage. The research of social stratum consciousness has become the focus that attracted by academic circles and our all society. Meanwhile, it is the important subject that the construction of stratum theory, reconstruction of the mass ideology and the construction of harmonious society.This study consists of two parts: theoretical study and empirical study. On the basis of classical social stratification theory and the current situation of social stratum structure in china, it makes an investigation on the social stratum consciousness of urban and rural dwellers in Gansu by interview and questionnaire laws. At first, it makes a base-line survey on the social stratum consciousness of Gansu residents and earned a lot of precious data and materials. Secondly, it draws up the questionnaires of social stratum consciousness of local residents. In the process of drawn up questionnaires, it makes use of the first-hand materials earned in the interview, previous relative studies and the existing questionnaires. Finally, it measures the social stratum consciousness of Gansu residents by the self-made questionnaires of social stratum consciousness of local residents. Through studies, several conclusions are drawn:(1) Social stratum consciousness consists of two parts of stratum cognition and stratum identification that a man whose living in a certain social stratum. Stratum cognition involved in the perception and evaluation of a man to the problem whether the social is stratified, the main standard of social stratification and the basic cognition on the different social stratum. Stratum identification involved in self stratum ascription, the perception and evaluation of a man to themselves and other stratum, the perception and evaluation of a man to the stratum relations.(2) In the opinion of Gansu residents, the main causes about social stratification include of political system, economic system, social division of labor, individual ability, opportunity and family factors, etc.. This conclusion is basically in accordance with the past studies. In addition, the factor of opportunity is the first appeared in these causes.(3) The main standard of social stratification of Gansu residents include of wealth and income, authority, vocation, education, family background, consumption level and life style, intellectual ability, prestige and reputation, character attainment and etc.. This standard is basically in accordance with the various standard of the current social stratification.(4) The self stratum ascription of Gansu residents is very low, the most people attribute themselves to the lower social stratum, only small portion belongs themselves to the higher social stratum. This tendency is basically in accordance with the whole situation of self stratum ascription in recent years.(5) The sorting to the social status of different social stratum of Gansu residents is basically in accordance with the results of Chinese academy of social science that sort by the possessive quantity of organization, economic and culture resources.(6) In the opinion of Gansu residents, the development of social stratum in is very well in the future. They admit the positive influence that bring by the upward stratum mobility and makes great efforts enter into the higher stratum.(7) In the opinion of Gansu residents, the stratum relations are more harmony, and the sharp contradictory didn't existed.(8) There are six dimensions in the questionnaires of social stratum consciousness of local residents. This six dimensions are the perception and evaluation of a man to the problem whether the social is stratified, the main standard of social stratification, the basic cognition on the different social stratum, self stratum ascription, the perception and evaluation of a man to themselves and other stratum, and the perception and evaluation of a man to the stratum relations. The first three dimensions are called stratum cognition, the others dimensions are called stratum identification. It can be measures the social stratum consciousness of the residents in Chinese mainland. It has good reliability and validity.(9) They have clear stratum cognition and definitive stratum identification, so that they have stronger social stratum consciousness. The level of social stratum consciousness of Gansu residents is basically accordance with the national level.(10) The residents that have higher stratum cognition must have higher stratum identification. There are positive correlations between stratum cognition and stratum identification.(11) It proves that demographic variables didn't influence the social stratum consciousness. In spirit of the individual factors, such as sex, habitual residence and average annual income, can be influence the individual dimensions, but there are not significant influence to the whole social stratum consciousness of Gansu residents.