On The Police Administration And Anti-corruption Legal System Of Late Qing Dynasty

In modern China, policemen shoulder the responsibilities of keeping public order and performing some tasks of municipal administration. The emergence of police indicates the disintegration of traditional system of public order and the birth of modern system, which reflects the changes of social environment and governing beliefs. Hunan Security Bureau became the forerunner of the modern poliee system in China. After Geng-zi when the class and national contradietions were unPrecedentedly intensifies,the Qing government ordered to pursue new poliey to stick up for its despotism,and the police administration as one part therein was then practiced. In 1901, the Qing government set up an institution lf"shan hou xie xun yin"for the preservation of law and order based on the An ming-gong suo; later it was renamed the gong-xun gendral bureau and in chagre of police affairs and capital order keePing. In 1905,an institution,the CoP DePartment,was founded as one to centralize the administration of the nationwide police. In1906, the need for provisional constitution-making called for the establishment of civil administration,as a result, the police was merged into the civil administration. Local police administration was first set up by YuanShi-kai in 1902 when police system was set up in Tianjin, and since it evoked good repercussions it was then promoted in the whole nation. However,the provincial situations were dieffrent, which caused the imbalance in the development of the police administration. In order to consolidate the local police construction,the government built up Police Bureau in each province in the spring of 1907. Since then the poliee construction by the Qing government began to fall into place.The police administration in the late Qing Dynasty indeed achieved much in keeping the social order and carrying out its civilizing function. But, the police corruption became an inevitable outcome in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal soeiety and in a serious corruption atmosphere of police corruption in the late Qing Dynasty. The Police corruption at that time could be mainly labeled as the following types: embezzlement and bribe taking, misuse of authority and racketeering, scrimshank, collusion between police and robbers, police as thieves, police addicted to porn, gambling and durgs, fawning on foreign powers, nasty style of work and others.The afctors that resulted in the police corrupion were: system morbidity,ill-quality persons for selection, financial inadequacy for police administration, influence of the traditional laggard culture and ideas, disordered value orientation lf person and society in the transitional time.Learn from history, we can get gain and loss. The history of plice corruption in the late Qing Dynasty offered precious experiences and lessons to the police construction nowadays. The authou believes that a police force of high quality, being able to ensure the socialist construction of economy and create a stable social environment for the construction of harmonious society, must for the number one aim at"inherent quality and extrinsic image"and improve hard both personal and entire quality of the police force; number two enhance the system construction and amplify the mechanism to control people with system; number three, further the construction of socialist democracy to let people fully enjoy the rights as masters of their own country and let people supervise governmental behaviors in avoidance of the police corruption; number four, strengthen the capabilities of our governing party and step up the campaign of"anti-corruption for incorruptibility"to fundamentally solve the problem of plice corruption..