Study On The Obligation Of Contribution Of The Shareholders

The　system　of　the　duty　of　capital　subscription　is　an　important　system　in　the　company　law.　The　contribution　by　shareholder　is　an　important　stage　of　incorporation,　as　well　as　the　basis　of　corporations　to　operate.　Besides,　the　obligation　of　shareholders　to　contribute　is　the　precondition　and　basis　to　acquire　the　shareholder's　rights,　as　well　as　the　key　elements　to　affirm　the　shareholder's　identity,　clarify　the　scope　of　company　assets　and　protect　the　interests　of　the　creditor　of　company.　There　are　two　aspects　in　the　system　of　contribution　by　shareholder,　one　is　the　method　of　capital　subscription,　and　the　other　is　the　obligation　of　contribution　by　the　shareholder.　The　author　will　explore　these　two　problems.　　In　the　first　part,　the　text　mainly　discusses　the　capital　and　the　contribution　of　shareholders.　The　system　of　the　duty　of　capital　subscription　has　a　tight relation　with　the　system　of　the　capital,　so　when　we　try　to　explore　the　problem　of　the　contribution　of　shareholders　we　must　explore　the　system　of　the　capital.　The　obligation　of　contribution　by　shareholders　is　a　contractual　obligation;the　shareholders　must　bear　the　duty.　Also　we　should　think　about　the　situation　of　the　sleeping　partner's　investing.　　In　the　second　part,　the　text　tries　to　explore　the　problem　of　the　method　of　the　capital　subscription. Commonly,　the　Romano-Germanic　family　members　have　a　more　rigid　provision　on　the　method　of　capital　subscription　than　the　countries　of　the　Anglo-American　law　system.　However,　in　practice,　the　method　of　capital　subscription　has　been　gone　beyond　the　five　methods　stipulated　in　the　company　law,　therefore　it　is　necessary　to　further　the　research　of　the　method　of　capital　subscription　and　relax　it,　so　as　to　answer　for　the　need　of　economic　development.　The　author　discusses　the　form　of　　cash,goods,creditor's　rights,equity　and　incorporeity　etc,　and　try　to　resolve　some　practical　problems　in　the　life.　In　the　third　part,　the　text　talks　over　the　obligation　of　contribution　by　the　shareholder　and　the　legal　liabilities　of　shareholder.　The　　Company　Law　of　the　People's　　Republic　of　China　has　a　less　perfect　legislation　on　the　performance　of　the　obligation　of　contribution　by　the　shareholder　and　the　legal　liabilities　of　shareholder　for　the　breach　of　the　said　obligation　than　the　legislation　of　other　countries,　for　instance,　where　there　are　no　specific　provisions　on　the　transfer　of　the　ownership　of　the　non-pecuniary　capital　subscription　and　the　allocation　of　risks　of　the　subject　matter　subscribed,　perfections　shall　be　done　in　this　aspects　on　the　basis　of　sufficient　studies　on　the　amendment　to　the　company　law.　The　shareholders　may　breach　the　obligation　of　contribution　in　different　ways　and　under　this　circumstance　the　shareholder　shall　be　liable　for　the　breach　of　the　obligation　of　contribution　and　be　liable　for　the　sufficiency　of　capitals.　The　company　law　shall　provide　specific　approach　of　redress　against　the　traditional　activities　breaching　the　obligation　of　contribution,　such　as　the　falsehood　and　drawing　back　of　the　capital　subscription.　The　civil　liabilities　provided　by　the　Chinese　Company　Law　are　unbalanced　in　system　and　imperfect　in　type,　therefore　we　shall　draw　lessons　form　the　legislations　of　company　laws　in　different　countries　and　make　it　perfect　so　as　to　impel　the　shareholder　to　perform　his　obligation　of　contribution　in　accordance　with　the　provisions　of　the　law　and　the　contract,　and　protect　the　interests　of　company,　other　shareholders　as　well　as　the　creditors　of　the　company.