Study On Production, Trade And International Competitiveness Of Eggs In China

China is a big country in egg production and consumption. The development of egg industry in China has been very fast resently. From 1984 to 2003, the output of eggs in China had been keeping the first place in the world. However, the export of eggs only accounted for 0.38 percent of the total output. It didn't assort with the title of the biggest producer of eggs in the world. Facing the new situations of economic globalization and China's entry into the WTO, it is important tasks to take advantage of both domestic and international markets, exploit the resource advantages of the egg industry, optimize the allocation of various resources, promote the demostic production and export, increase the competitiveness of egg industry and study the new development strategies. Based on these considerations, this paper tries to establish the measuring models of comparative advantages and analyze the international competitiveness of egg industry in China by using the methods of Normalized Trade Balance(NTB)and Revealed Comparative Advantage(RCA). According to the analysis to the present egg production, consumption, price, trade and international competitiveness in China as well as in the world, we can come to the following conclusions: with the development of the livestock industry in China, egg industry has been developing very fast, and the total output, per capita output, import and export volumes have all increased continuously. Compared with the main export countries of eggs in the world, egg industry in China has comparative advantages, but these advantages are descending; China's eggs have larger advantage in price. The major provinces of egg production and trade include Shandong, Liaoning, Hubei, Guangdong, Shanghai and Fujian. Among them, Hubei Province has the highest revealed comparative advantage and its production cost is the lowest regardless of its low price advantage. Shanghai has the lowest revealed comparative advantage. Fujian Province owns the highest production cost of chicken. Egg price in Liaoning is the lowest. Based on the analysis of the problems of egg production and trade, and the reasons of descending competitive advantages in China, some useful suggestions are shown in this paper as follows: to adjust production structure and promote egg production development; to speed up the industrialization progress and form scale economics in egg industry; to advance intensive management and increase egg quality; to implement standardization strategy in egg industry and establish standardized production and export bases; to increase investment of infrastructure in egg industry; to promote the deep processing of eggs and optimize export structure; to establish professional associations; to put forward brand strategy and develop excellent brands; to improve the market system in egg industry and to advance the framework of science and technology innovation and extension.