The Economics Thinking Of Electricity Markets Renovation

After our country was founded, electric power industry management system of nation adopted the mode of state and vertical integrated monopoly, which adapted to the demand of big production of socialization at that time. But with the developing of the economic of our country and innovating of electric power technology, the illogicality is very outstanding. In order to overcome existence question of electric power corporation, our country proceeded system renovation smashing electric power industry monopoly and explored the way configuring electric power resource through electric power market. It originated from the research of economics theory to nature monopoly to practice market reformation to the power profession. The monopoly to be form by natural element and industrial feature in itself is called nature monopoly. It is certain that the natural monopoly profession perform monopoly operation, and farther to form monopoly of market. The government should regulate nature monopoly profession and promote the contest. With speedily developing of science and technology, the profession pertained to the nature monopoly previously can not to return to this type again now, or some segments of production and sale not at all pertain to nature monopoly, and should be open to contest person. With the development of the new technique of electric power and the breakthrough of research of network open theory, on condition of management of separating the transmission and arrangement business that pertain the nature monopoly from the generation and sale business that pertain the non-natural monopoly can ensure safe and steady running of produce and supply of power. Monopoly is broken on the segment of generation and sale, competitive power market is set up and make competition sufficient; but on the segment of transmission and arrangement as the nature monopoly territory, monopoly operation is performed, the government practice valid regulation. This is the widespread discipline of electricity markets renovation in every country of the world. The basic structure of the electric power market is that both oligarch monopoly of generation companies and nature monopoly of electric power network companies exist. After reorganizing of electric power industry, it is important lesson to restrain and eliminate the manipulate capability of electric power market and to increase competition efficiency of electric power market. The electric power industry renovation smashing monopoly of China began from 1985. In 1995 our country began to allow all circles of society and foreign corporation investing electric power project, electric power market formed plural investing main body, it play important impelling role to development of electric power industry, this phase is called the first electric power renovation. On January 1997 the establishment of the State Grid corporations of China is regarded as the beginning of the second electric power system renovation. On August 1998, the State Grid corporation of China detruded the renovation guideline whose content is "separating the corporation from government, making province as entity", "separating electric power plant from electric power grid, netting by price-bidding". Since 2000 China began to advance electric power market renovation completely, this is called the third electric power systemrenovation. Watching the process of electric power market renovation of China, its basic direction is proceeding market renovation, drawing contest mechanism and increasing efficiency of electric power industry, lowering the price, retaining certain rate of development so as to satisfy the demand of national economy. In recent years, concrete measures of electric power market renovation is establishing nation electric power supervision committee and grid corporation no longer possess of generation asset, practicing separating electric power plant from grid, splitting the asset of the nation electric power corporation and regrouping it to two grid corporations and five nation generation companies and four assistant companies, establishing electric power market system so as to practice netting by price-bidding. Under the leadership exactly of Communist Party of China and State Department, The renovation of electric power system in China has obtained the stage important result: It has completed basically to separate electric power plant from electric power network, The internal relationship between the electric power grid and the enterprise of generation is becoming normal. The State Department has authorized to issue the project of the electricity price reformation, the work of supervision to electric power has already started, the experimental unit of electric power market is proceeding by plan collectivity totally, The modification and establishment of the important electric power laws has been included in the State Department lawmaking plan. The reformation of electric power market in China is proceeding forward continuously.The electric power market renovation has made important stride, but contrasting the demand that The decision of some problems about perfecting socialism market economy system of Central Committee of Communist Party o f China that passed the third plenary session of the 16th congress of the communist party of China indicated, there also is obvious difference in property right structure of electric power corporation and circulating mechanism and the regulated mode and efficient supervision of government etc aspect, the task of the renovation and development of electric power is still very hard. Whatever under the condition that electric power supply is larger than demand or in the market environment that electric power supply is shortage, the relation of supply and demand of electric power needs adjusting by market mechanism, solving developing problem with the thought of renovation, electric power renovation can also be pushed when electric power supply is shortage. So long as intensifying leading and organizing subtly and advancing along the direction and target and assimilating availability experience endlessly, holding the chance and emphases of electric power renovation according to fact and exterior condition, the renovation task will must be completed stage by stage, and it is entirely possible establishing electric power market system which is separating the corporation from government and impartial competition and opening and ordering and developing healthily under the supervising of government in about 2010. There is dialectic uniform relation between deregulation to electric power profession and supervision of government. Deregulation to electric power profession and drawing contest mechanism is indispensabilityimportant factor to increase efficiency of electric power industry. But if allow market contest mechanism to play absoluteness role and the government don't supervise aptly, the result that is bad for social welfare improving and resource optimization configure will be able to bring and the market will not play role. The market not play role induce government perform supervision, but government must learn to supervise commendably, more supervision will baffle the development of electric power market, shortage supervision will make the order of electric power market confusion. Unmerited electric power supervision will also make supervision not play role. The practices of electric power market renovation of developed country have reference meaning to the renovation of China electric power market is doubtless. Facing the tideway of electricity markets renovation, developed country implemented many kinds of pattern of electric power markets renovation. The basic target of electricity markets renovation of developed country can be generalized into breaking monopoly, drawing contest mechanism, increasing efficiency and depressing price. There are two basic approach practicing the target of renovation, the first is practicing privatization to the state-owned capital of electric power industry, selling it to stock people or foreign company etc. the second is making the configure way of electric power resources markets, breaking the exclusive monopoly management, fostering the main part of market competition, establishing electric power market of competition. New Liberalism economy theory is economics foundation of the electric power market reformation, as well as characteristic practices of electric power...