Comment On Evolution Of Early Ideological Line Of The Communist Party(1925-1935)

The nascent ideological lines of the Communist Party of China involves a wide range of issues about the Chinese revolution including its nature, targets, driving force, goals as well as path and strategies to be taken. The CPC suffered quite a few twists and turns before reaching a proper understanding of them, experienced a shift, in terms of ideological lines, from social revolution to democratic revolution as well as from urban districts-oriented to rural area-based, and eventually achieved rational resolutions to China's actual problems in place of dogmatized resolves of the Communist International and deified experiences of the Soviet Union. The above advances accelerated the process of the domestication of Marxism, indicating the CPC's eventual maturation in theory in combination with practice.The CPC is in its initial stage from the founding in 1921 to its coordination with the Kuomintang, the dominant party in China, in 1924. During this period the Party were engaged in a probe into the nature of the then society as well as targets, driving force, goals and nature of the revolution. As a result, the CPC, with the assistance of the CI, achieved the significant translation from a social revolution to democratic revolution, which can be interpreted as a turning point in the Party's ideological line evolution.The period between 1924 and 1927 is called the Great Revolution Period. The year 1924 witnessed the formation of the CMT-CPC alignment, which broke up in "July 15^th Revolutionary Riot" of 1927.Within this period the CPC's ideological lines focused on such major issues as the leadership of the proletariat class, the confederation between the working class and the peasant class, founding of the revolutionary army as well as armed struggle. For all the advances in applying Marxist principles to China's revolutionary conditions, the young CPC failed to carry out a coherent policy of combining theory with practice, and conceded to the CMT once and again, which cost it the leadership of the Great Revolution. The vigorously launched drive ended in defeat. Besides, towards the end of the Revolution the CPC unduly adopted a policy of repressing the peasant movement for lands, which deteriorated the Party's relations with the rural revolutionary force. Loss of peasants' strong support and lack of a revolutionary army accounted much for the failure.From the year 1927, when Wang Jingwei, one of the former CPC leading officials, turned traitor to the revolution, the Agrarian Revolution War Period extended to 1935, with Zunyi Conference as the indicator. This time witnessed the Party's probe on the revolutionary route, in terns of which the CPC went a long way before taking the rural area-based strategy in place of urban district orientation. It was after unceasing rectification of wrong directions by the left wing within the Party as well as after repeated setbacks and failures that the CPC, led by Mao Zedong, matured in theory and practice by finding the correct route in the end.On balance, the CPC never stopped feeling the way to address the country's particular problems. It was in self-isolation during the First Conference time, but made progress by proposing the CMT-CPC cooperation at the Third Conference. It enhanced its revolution process from the Northern Expedition to the Agrarian Revolution War, grew in seeking its own solutions from the worship of the CI. With all the repeated twists and setbacks, the CPC acquired valuable experiences, came to apply properly Marxist and Leninist principles to China's revolutionary practice and found the particular path right for China by formulating the ideological line of seeking truth from facts. To the great achievement, Mao Zedong contributed most, and such leading revolutionary seniors as Qu Qiubai, Deng Zhongxia, Li Dazhao, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De made significant contributions as well, so it is true that the shaping of the ideological lines embodies the CPC's collective wisdom.