Analysis On The Action Of Government

With the improvement of socialized degree, government participates in social affairs in a wider scope. So, it is of importance to hold and regulate administrative action in advancing the healthy development of social economy and improvement of people's welfares. The previous analysis on administrative action focused on, programming the administrative conduct by power collocation with the view of Gov. or limiting the action of Gov. with the view of social market. But the two analysis can not disclose particular details of Gov.'s action and take effective in handling the government' misconducts, such as "offside", "vacancy", and "dislocation" of Gov.'s function. From the microcosmic point of view, the thesis, by correlative analysis of goods' property and people's property, tries to put forward a clear idea about the action limitation and organization forms of Gov..The first part of the thesis mainly analyzes the relativity of public goods supply and government behavior. Firstly it limits and analyzes the public goods. Through the comparison of public goods and personal goods, it is discovered that the public goods have the character of obvious non-competitiveness and non- exclusiveness. According to the degree of non-exclusive and non-competitiveness, it is divided into pure public goods, mixed goods and personal goods. Secondly, it analyzes the difficult position of the collective and the individual providing the public goods. The non-exclusiveness of public goods mainly comes from the indivisibility of public goods. The indivisibility and non-competitiveness of public goods result in the fuzzy property and price malfunctioning of public goods in the market. The market transaction is unable to meet people's need, so the individual is unwilling to carry on the production of public goods. Although the individual can provide certain public goods through the collective's action, but because "riding the available vehicle" and the existence of transaction expenses, the collective only can provide the limited public goods in the limited scope. With regard to the public goods which provide more benefits and public demands closely, the collective is unable to offer. Finally, through government's characteristic and the characteristic of public goods open out the relativity of the both two. It is mainly elaborated from such three aspects as the function, the ability and the implementation. In the function, it is pointed out that the government has the responsibility of promoting the public well-being and demands. In the ability, it is demonstrated that the government is able to handle the problems of "riding the available vehicle" and transaction expenses, because it has the two characters of compulsoriness and facing the national. In the implementation, it is expounded that the different ways can cause the different effect of providing the public goods.The second part has mainly analyzed the representation and the reason of government behavior shortcomings. In this analysis process, I mainly take the supposition of "the economics" as the analysis premise. Firstly, in the way of the representations of shortcomings, it mainly analyzes performance expression of the official and the populace and the association's self-interest pursuit. The official's benefit pursuit mainly manifests as wage, prestige, promotion, patronage and cozy working environment so on. Populace's expression in pursuing self-interest is to attempt to pay little taxes and enjoy more through concealing the real information of self-preference. The association's self-interest pursuit is to influence the government's decision-making as far as possible, and to obtain more benefits through the government assigning or the policy. All of these pursuits possibly result in the deviation of the government behavior from public interest, and causes the distortion of government behavior and the dislocated disposition of resources. Next, in the flaw reason, it mainly carries on the elaboration from the separation of cost and income, government's externality and internality, and the fuzzy evaluation criteria. The separation of cost and income can bring on "the financial illusion" which is the people' mistake, and so the people is unable to carry on the effective appraisal and restraint to government's behavior, which causes government' expenditure enlarging and financial deficit increasing. Government's externality often is the negative influence of the future which the policy result in, and it so almost attracts the people's attention and affects the government's decision-making as to lack in the discrete weight in the decision-making. However, government's internality reflects on government's budget increasingly expanding. As result of the bilateral monopoly and the information superiority, government is very easy to achieve the goal enlarging budgets. The fuzziness of appraisal criteria comes from the diversification of government's goals pursuing and the conflict among these goals.The third part of the thesis mainly attempts to find the countermeasure of perfecting government behavior. If government conduct is improvement, the idea must be changed firstly. Idea transformation mainly performs in the way of difference treatment of public goods supply and production. These two separating is helpful for the government to determine their own action limit, and so avoids the role conflict between being "the referee" and being "the athlete". Secondly, in the administrative behavior, the most important is to clear about the responsibility scope of the central and the local, and to guarantee the reasonable governance and property rights of the two. At the same time, it is important that the local authorities co-operate each other and solves effective supply of public goods in the region. Finally, it particularly elaborates government's countermeasures in organizing supplying and organizing producing. The organization of supply is government's primary responsibility, and it needs the government increasingly innovating and establishing the multi- centered government system which is mixed by the sole center and multi-level center to respond to the populace's preference, diligent realization of finance balance and guarantee of the official being more responsible for the populace. In the organizing production, the officials also should display the public entrepreneurial spirit to introduce the market competition mechanism to enhance production efficiency, and adopt various kinds of combination forms such as government production, contract manufacturing between government, the personal production and the cooperative production between the official and the personal to stimulate more resources in participating and to meet the populace's multiple-need. It is defined that, facing populace's multiple-demand, government must introduce the market competition mechanism and set up the multi-level political system to promptly respond to the populace's demand, and adopt various kinds of organization forms and production forms, to let more and more individuals and social organizations participate in the market to stimulate more and more social resources in meeting populace's multiple- need and provide bountiful public goods.