Mao Zedong's Cognition And Practice On Socialism Revolution After The Construction Of The People's Republic Of China

This paper analyzed Mao zedong's cognition and practice of socialism revolution after the construction of the People's Republic of China based on Marxism theory on socialism revolution. The paper has six parts.The first part analyzed Mao's cognition with the theory between political and social revolution. Firstly affirm fully Mao's contribution to socialism revolution theory and practice: Mao put forward timely and rightly of the transform from new-democratic revolution to socialism revolution, draft the Party's general line in interim period, open creatively a socialism reformation road suitable to Chinese characters, address scientific conclusion to the basis contradiction of socialism society. Secondly, the paper expounds classic writers' theory on proletariat revolution. Marxism believed that socialism revolution, which aimed to solve contradiction between proletariat and bourgeois, has two periods: political revolution and social revolution. The former means revolution by proletariat to overthrow the governance of bourgeois and grasp state power, the latter means revolution to reform private ownership productive relationship to public ownership productive relationship and construct socialism basis system. Political revolution is necessary condition of social revolution and social revolution is purpose of political revolution. Then we could make two conclusions: new-democratic revolution completed proletariat political revolution's tasks although China had no really and truly proletariat revolution and proletariat political revolution was not the sole condition of social revolution.Part two analyzed Mao's cognition from the putting forward and practice of the general line of interim period. Marxism believed that the main task of interim period was to develop productive forces and socialism democratic politics and culture to make conditions for socialism. After the foundation of new China and three years' economic recovery stage, Mao decided to transform to socialism nation widely. Mao believed that the nature of interim period was reforming productive relationship, so the speed was fastened from planed 15 years to 4 years, the result of which was that industrialization task was not completed had large gap to industrialization. Lenin once said, the more backward the country started socialism revolution, the longer time needed for interim period. Mao's cognition on this respect was not adequate.Part three is on Mao's cognition reflected on the theory and practice of socialism reformation. In 1980, when talked of the historical experience of China's agricultural cooperative, Deng Xiaoping pointed out that the main problem of socialism reformation was "too fast". Under this "fast" guideline, some problems appeared: breaching volunteer principal and forcing and ordering people to conduct socialism reformation, breaching win-win principal and infringing interests of some middle peasants, the degree of going public of senior cooperation was too high and the scale was too large, exceeding the actual level of productive force. Marxism believed that the contradiction between productive force and productive relationship was the basic force pushing human history forward, in which productive force determined productive relationship and productive relationship had counteraction. Mao also discussed incisively the dialectical relationship between productive force and productive relationship several times on theory, but as Bo yibo said, Mao knew that productive relationship must suit to the develop level of productive force and the purpose of reforming productive relationship was to protect and develop productive force better, but in the practice of socialism reformation, Mao didn't adhere this correct standpoint on the condition of developing socialism revolution, exaggerating overly the counteraction of productive relationship and ignoring the decisive action of productive force and the actual productive force level of China.Part four is on Mao's cognition reflected in the theory and practice of "continuing revolution under proletariat dictatorship". In China, political revolution aimed to grasp state power was completed after the triumph of new-democratic revolution because of China's historical character. After the foundation of New China, under the condition of proletariat dictatorship, China began proletariat social revolution and completed this task in the end of 1956 and constructed socialism system, extinguished exploiting class as a whole class. But based on "continuing revolution under proletariat dictatorship" theory, Mao launched Great Culture Revolution under circumstances of no class hostility. The core of this theory was: it's necessary to launch political revolution by one class to overthrow another class under conditions that proletariat had grasped state power and socialism system had been founded. The party, state and people suffered the most serous losses after the foundation of new China. This has direct connection with Mao's cognition to Marxism theory on socialism revolution.Part five analyzed the reasons of Mao's deviation from the cognition and practice of socialism revolution, partly because of cognition limitation to the nature of socialism and partly because of complicated social and historical resons.Part six make two conclusion based on analyzing Mao's cognition and practice to socialism revolution: shorten interim period artificially and began to transform to socialism too early under circumstances that China had only political condition while no other necessary conditions and the productive force condition was not developed. Socialism reformation was completed too fast and too hasty, leaving some problems in a long period of time; Mao personally launched and leaded political revolution by proletariat against bourgeois under circumstances that proletariat political revolution and socialism revolution had completed and socialism system had been constructed. So we could has two enlightenments: after proletariat had grasped state power, the core of the party and state should focus on economic construction steadily and develop productive force greatly and strengthen democratic and cultural construction, conduct socialism reformation to private ownership of productive material according to the developing level of productive force step by step and period by period; after the basis socialism system had been founded, the party and state should focus to solve the contradiction between the increasingly material and cultural life need of people and the condition that nowadays economy and culture cannot meet people's need, develop productive force greatly, construct modern industrial strong country and make preparation for communism society when everyone is freely and fully developed.