On Scientific Practice View Of Marx

Philosophers before Marx consider that practice is mainly moral and spiritual life activities. They have a common defect, that is ignoration or not properly understanding of practice, thus not forming a scientific concept. While abandoning the old Marxist philosophy and the practice, a scientific concept and practice of Marxist philosophy was created. The Marxist concept of the formation of scientific practice has experienced five stages: the University and "doctoral dissertation" period, the "Rhine" and "Germany and France Yearbook" period, the "1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts" period, "the sacred family" period and the period of "Outline of Feuerbach" and the "German Ideology". Universities and "doctoral thesis" period holds the view of Critical Theory Practice. Marx was still a Hegel idealists, and he said that practice is only theoretical criticism practice, not scientific theory that is the source of our strength and critical source of material. "Rhine" and "Germany and France Yearbook" period is the political criticism during practice concept. Marx personally participate in the practice of struggle and affected by Feuerbach, made him philosophical beliefs of the original case of suspected and shaken, thus shifted to the criticism of Hegel's Philosophy of Law, but also from rational criticism to political criticism. During this period he didn't study political economy, the failure of the labor force that is, material production practice in the development of human society in an important role, but also has yet to be resolved practice of the theory of dependency problems. The "1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts" critical period held alienated labor practice view. Marx stressed that in the reality of capitalist society, labor is "alienated labor". If we are to discard alienation labor, we should eradicate the private ownership, and realize communism. At that moment Marxist exposition is mainly targeted on general abstract human labor, that is, a specific form of practice, but not provise practice from the general perspective. In "Sacred Family" period, Marx and Engels regarded the reality of people's material production practice as a social and historical basis, and they have accessed to the notion of material production as the decisive power of the development of human society and the people are the forces of history creators, and other important basic principles of modern materialism They understood initially the practice as a different perceptual transformation of the material world from the theoretical activities. Having the significance of a general outlook on the world, the new concept of the practice will be formed. "Outline of Feuerbach" and the "German Ideology" is the new mark of the practice view of Marxist scientific view and the formation of the new world view. In "Outline", Marx basically criticized the old Feuerbach materialism on their limitations, they proposed social practice as a new outlook on the world's basic categories, described some fundamental points of the scientific practice practice. In the "form", based on practice of science, Marx and Engels described rather completely a new world view that is the basic principle of practical materialism. The meaning of Marxist concept of scientific practice is mainly expounded from four aspects, namely, the definition and the characteristics of practice, the basic form of practice, practice, structural elements of practice and the role of practice. Practice is the social sentimental material activities, in which the subjects actively transform and explore the objects. It has such characteristics as objective realism, subjective initiativism, social historicalism and rational guidance. The basic form of practice can be realized as three types: production practice, the practice of handling social relations, scientific experiment. Besides, there are moral practice, education practice, art practice, and theoretical practice. The main structural elements of practice include practice subject, practice object, and practice purposes, practice means, practice process and outcome. These five major elements are interrelated and jointly constitute the organic structure system of practice. The creation and development of human practice activities changed the world, which mainly represents as the dualization of the world-object and subject world, the real world and the human world. After the establishment of Marxist scientific practice view, those Marxist successors as Engels, Lenin and Mao Zedong enriched the Marxist scientific practice view under the new historical conditions. The Marxist scientific practice view is of great significance for us to understand and grasp the Marxist philosophy, clarify the misunderstanding of the Marxist view in foreigh countries, and grasp all the characteristics of contemporary human practice.