The Attack Defends?

Attack and the defense is the tactical question also and the strategic question. Country in security difficult position mire if will make the wrong choice and the decision-making, will be able to move towards the dangerous the edge. Therefore ,in the non-government nature international society, the country to attacks is ambiguous with the defense strategic orientation, then meets the region which the body falls is utterly isolated. Attack and the defense strategic orientation research has the significant strategic sense and the practical significance regarding the national survival and the development. But the security difficult position is the international relations fundamental research (in particular security problem research) the core question, regarding this puzzle theoretician and policy-maker's difficult problem, the different theory school and the scholar states views, the surmounting security difficult position way and the method also are an international relations fundamental research important topic, in a dilemma safely in the difficult position is adopts the offensive or the defensive? Not only this is the theory question also is the strategic question.The cold war time America and Soviet security relationship is very important, pulls one round to move the whole body. After the cold war America and Russia security relationship similarly also is the decision international system stable and one of world peace most important bilateral relations. This article take US to the Russian security strategy as a case, from the definition, the history, the theory, the strategy and the reality five dimensions, analyzed and has discussed US specifically to the Russian security strategy attribute and the orientation judgment, attempted to solve in the national security strategy attack and the defense orientation fuzziness question, finally and stopped over in the beginning of the 21st century this section of time, summarized and judges new century US to the Russian security strategy attribute and the orientation, simultaneously under forecast and forecast Austria Pama Government to lead the US to the Russian strategy to be supposed however the tendency and the solid however orientation.This article altogether is divided five parts: The first part from definition obtaining, the system elaborated combative strategic and the defensive strategic definition, and attempts both to differentiate, and abstracts attack and defense discrimination set of standards. The goal is fights slightly the case by US, in particular US makes the system accurate attribute division to the Russian security strategy, alleviates its security orientation judgment in order to the fuzziness.First, from strategic ability and strategic intention, division combative strategy and defensive strategy. The general sense believed that, the country to the native place security, the sovereignty and the territory, the people life and property and the vested interest protection and the maintenance is regarded as the defensive strategy; But to is advantageous prospers in the country, prosperous and powerful and grows strong and so on the development benefit extravagant demands, strives for with plundering was considered has the combative nature; The defensive strategy requests to maintain the present situation, but combative strategy change of demand present situation.Next, from in the strategic position contrast condition, the so-called offensive, is refers in both countries carries on the strategic resistance in the process, a country is opposite in another country in aspect and so on military force, economic potentiality, political status, psychological contest contrast superiority. As one condition, tendency and strategy, in strategic position offensive and defensive in different stratification plane performance respectively different: Unit stratification plane initiative and passive, system stratification plane challenge and maintenance, psychological stratification plane insistence and compromise, geography stratification plane expansion and contraction, group stratification plane asymmetrical and symmetry and so on.Finally, the American grand strategy as well as US to Russia's security strategy will carry on the division according to the above standard, when the cold war US contain the grand strategy to the Soviet security strategy, will belong to the attack type defensive strategy; After the cold war US obeys to the Russia security strategy in the selective intervention strategy, belongs to the defense type attack strategy.The second part of review history, inspected the cold war and the latter cold war time, US to Soviet Union (Russia) the security strategy evolution, summarizes its strategic attribute and the situation change characteristic——offense and defense transposition, the observation history phenomenon proposed this article needs to solve the core question, namely the country adopts the offensive or the defensive strategy more effective strategy orientation question in any situation.First, holoscopic history spool thread, US to Soviet Union (Russia) security strategy attribute orientation deference by defensive strategy to combative strategic transformation path. Next, US to Russia (Soviet Union) security strategy by cold war time attack type defensive strategy after cold war defense type attack strategic transformation, but both sides strategic position presents the offensive and defensive transposition, as soon as attacks the characteristic which as soon as defends transforms in turn. Finally, according to the different theory appraisal result, defends compared to the attack strategy has the attraction.The third part of explanation theory, this article proposed has the theory significance and the strategic sense question: Who adopts the offensive strategy and defensive strategy is the effective strategic orientation? Discussed two kind of contradictory paradox——deterrents (to avoid making concessions) mutually with to pacify (makes concessions limitedly) the strategy valid question. Concerns the America and Russia security relationship the core question: Security difficult position. If adopts the country the offensive strategy to understand for could induce the hostility screw rise to the one's own side safe threat, the security difficult position like this to produce, in order to avoid this kind of embarrassment the occurrence, the country should adopt the defensive strategy which the compromise made concessions, could suppress the hostility screw promotion. Similarly, if opposite party the defensive strategy understanding which adopts one's own side for weak and incompetent, like this can incur opposite party to adopt the offensive strategy, reaches out for a yard after taking an inch, this kind of situation instead can drive avoids offensive strategy orientation which makes concessions. The offensive strategy and the defensive strategy cause attack and the defense strategic orientation slurred ambiguous, ponders over with difficulty. The author regarding this proposed the national security strategic offense and the defense orientation question from the theory dimension.Fourth part of strategic layout, from strategic general situation and whole, US to Soviet Union (Russia) security strategy pattern localization, in discussion a part of related strategy valid question. In the different strategic pattern, the attack and defense strategy validity is also different, the national strategic orientation and the choice should have a deviation, can avoid appearing is in a dilemma safely.First, after in the cold war America and Russia security relationship defends the present situation which gets the advantage to be very obvious. But in the America and Russia security relationship the attack situation and the defense situation cannot differentiate, obviously, the America and Russia security strategy pattern accurate localization should beⅡPattern. Next, as a result of the disarmament and the arms control advancement existence and the influence, the attack and defense situation discrimination blurs from time to time bright, this has decided its strategic pattern inⅡWithⅣ;Between blow hot and cold. Finally, the author proposed under the different strategic pattern corresponds strategy orientation. When US is located to the Russian security strategyⅡpattern ;adopts deterrent the offensive strategy is the best strategic orientation, because defends gets the advantage. But when its strategic pattern is locatedⅣ; Although the attack situation is obvious, not only to adopts the offensive similarly uselessly, instead can cause the difficult position which both sides fall into are in a dilemma safely, the rational strategic orientation pacifies, the compromise defensive strategy.The fifth part of return reality, carefully examines, forecasts at the beginning of for the 21st century US to the Russian security strategy attribute and the orientation, becomes the full text the foothold and the topic pen of, simultaneously has entrusted with this article certain realistic color and the significance, has realized the theory and the practice union.First, Nuclear Age US should take deter, the suppression to the Russian security strategy as the strategy, take guards against, the containment as the strategy, defends the orientation is the best choice. Next, after the cold war the American security strategy combative nature the time more and more displays obviously, the preventive attack after the cold war is this time US defense type attack strategy best explanation. Finally, the latter cold war era, US is more and more obvious to the Russian security strategy defense nature, mainly uses in the guard containment foundation the attack strategy. Enters the new century, the Austria Pama time arrival, US to Russia's security strategy main key is the temperate defense orientation in particular, it uses the strategy compares with the young Bush time, mainly adopts peace cooperation the strategy.At the beginning of the 21st century US is transforms to the Russian security strategy solid however orientation by the defense type attack strategy to the defensive strategy, but should however the orientation then attacks the type defense by chance. Enters the new century, in particular the"9·11"event and the global finance tsunami attack, the US national security strategy has established the defense in depth system, and makes the strategic adjustment correspondingly, the strategic contraction and the defense favors into the American security strategy the basic orientation. At the beginning of the 21st century US is advantageous to the Russian security strategy defense orientation to the world peace and regional stability, also conforms to the new century China peace development to the advantageous international environment demand.