On The Institution And Operation Of The U.S. Congress

The inheritance of the colonial system and institutional innovation in unique historical conditions constitute the basis of national conditions.The constitutional basis of the U.S. Congress's operation is the Federal Constitution and the theoretical basis of the institution and its operation in the U.S.Congress is the idea of checks and balances.The Federal Constitution grants the Congress a lot of constitutional power by express provision and elastic clauses,which can be divided into legislative power and additional congressional powers,such as oversight,advice and consent and impeachment. Organizations of making law include bicameralism,political parties,the committee system,the staff system and the caucuses.The legislative process is committee deliberation,debate, reconciling House and Senate Versions of a bill,and presidential action.Interest groups,party discipline and constituency determine the kinds of legislation that Congress ultimately produces.The choice of members of Congress is a result of weighing diverse influences.Historically,the U.S.Federal Constitution is a product of constitutional government,but is far from being a product of democracy.Democratic deficit in the Federal Constitution determines that the institution and its operation of Congress is bound to be imperfection and democracy hypocrisy,whose typical manifestation is that money involved has distorted the congressional elections and the distortion will never stop,and in reality a richer interest group is often an overwhelming strength over a more vulnerable interest group,which results in that the balance of interest groups cannot be achieved and results from the economic base of private ownership of capitalist system and the fundamental contradiction that the U.S. political system cannot solve.There are seven differences between the National People's Congress and the U.S.Congress,the most fundamental difference is that the political systems serve different groups.The National People's Congress has a huge advantage over the U.S. Congress in response to the objective requirements of the development of productive forces, in the authenticity of democracy,and in the efficiency of working.In technical aspects of the operation of the institution,drawing from the successful experience of the United States Congress,the direct election of deputies to the National People's Congress can be gradually expanded the scope to the provincial level,and campaign can be implemented.We can carry out ideological and political education by making full use of campaign as well as strengthen the People's Congress's supervision on other State organs. The United States Congress is the pillars of American capitalist political systems,which has formed relatively mature and faultless mechanisms of legislation and supervision and whose democracy is a profound reflection of hypocrisy of capitalist democracy.The study on the institution and operation of the U.S.Congress will be helpful to us in being better aware of the capitalist political systems,the reasonable factors of the mechanisms of legislation and supervision of the U.S.Congress,and in being better aware of important hypocrisy and imperfection of capitalist in order to be helpful to us in our firm belief in scientific Marxism as guiding ideology and in the faith of unswervingly following the socialist road.