Research On The Election Of Deputies Of The People's Congresses In The Same Ratio Of Population In Both Countrysides And Cities

The right to vote is an important component of civil and political rights, and the equal right to vote is the institutional basis of the realization of other equal rights of citizens. In China, the election of people's congresses'member is the most direct and extensive way of the exercise of one's suffrage. But due to historical reasons, special conditions and other factors for a long time, the electoral law provided a differential provisions of the right to vote of urban and rural citizens. Although it is the inevitable choice for party and state with the historical background, with the development of political, economic and cultural, the election of deputies of the people's congresses in the different ratio of population in both cities and countrysides will lose its realistic conditions. Sinse the reform and opening, the proportion of urban population greatly increased, and the peasants'consciousness and ability to participate are improving gradually. From the "one-eighth clause" to "quarter clause", realization of the election of deputies of the people's congresses in the same ratio of population in both cities and countrysides gradually has become the inevitable trend of historical development. The report of the seventeenth national congress of the CPC have suggested clearly that the election of deputies of the people's congresses should in the same ratio of population in both cities and countrysides. This essay is to be writtten with this backgroud.This article is divided into five parts:First part, explain the background of the issues, introduce and evaluate the domestic and foreign research on this subject, and propose the method and idea of research on this basis.Second part, trace the origin of the election of deputies of the people's congresses in the different ratio of population in both cities and countrysides, the process of relevant laws'historical evolution and dwell on the reasons for the stipulation. The essay pose the party and the state's ideological bias against farmers and the determination of industrialization road make workers and peasants have unequal political rights with a certain inevitability, while the national decision-making model provided institutional support to its production and development.The third part, provide adequate argument for the necessity of the election of deputies of the people's congresses in the same ratio of population in both cities and countrysides. It not only caters to the development tendency of country's economic reforms and the change of ruling party's idea's, but also deals with external pressures of political communication and internal pressure of demands of the peasants.The fourth part, the essay dwell on the the social and political impact of the election of deputies of the people's congresses in the same ratio of population in both cities and countrysides.It is not only advantageous in the realization of the coordination of urban and rural's economic and social development,the solution of the issues of three agriculture, overall planning the urban and rural's democratic political construction, the improvement of peasants'consciousness and ability to participate, but also advantageous in maintaining long-term stability of society. But, after the implementation of election of deputies of the people's congresses in the same ratio of population in both cities and countrysides, the proportion of peasants representatives will rise sharply and its effectiveness in politics is also a question worth considering.The fifth part, take national people's congress as an example, explore specific path of the orderly realization of the election of deputies of the people's congresses in the same ratio of population in both cities and countrysides. At present, more feasible way is to revise the relevant laws, stipulating in law that electing a deputy of the people's congresses per 960,000 population both cities and countrysides in order to reduce the size of deputies of the people's congresses, to promote the professionalizing of deputies of the people's congresses, to raise the level of direct election, to expand the scope of direct elections, and to alleviate the pain brought by the reform through construct relevant system.