Study Of The Causes Of Non-traditional Security Issue From The Perspective Of Structural Realism

Generated from the state until the end of the Cold War, traditional security problems (mainly in the fields of military and politics) attract the main attention of Governments. However, in the 20th century 90 decade, especially in the new century, the traditional security is still prominent. While with the outbreak of "9·11" terrorist attacks and the spread of SARS and other infectious diseases, the non-traditional security threats have become one of the prominent features in the field of international politics. The non-traditional security threats affect not only the international security, but also internal security and human security. How to deal with these non-traditional security threats and challenges has become the major issue of common concern. This paper tries to use levels of analysis from structure realistic perspective to discuss the causes that led to the production and the development of the non-traditional security problems in view of the macro-system level, the national level and the micro-individual level, in order to form a comprehensive understanding of the causes of non-traditional security.The structure of the paper is as following:The first chapter attempts to introduce relevant contents of non-traditional security and levels of analysis to show the necessity and importance of study in non-traditional security. The ultimate goal of all states' actions is to achieve national interests, while the security interest is the premise and guarantee. After the Cold War, with the emergence of the non-traditional security problems and the threats from them, the national security interests have changed greatly. Therefore, it is necessary for us to conduct a comprehensive analysis to the reasons for non-traditional threats. Then, taking the levels of analysis as a tool, the paper studies the causes of non-traditional security problems from the system level, national level and individual level. Thus, we can understand it comprehensively and systematically.The second chapter attempts to explore the causes of non-traditional security issue from system-level. Kenneth Waltz divides the "structural" theory into three aspects——the principles of arrangement, the function of units and the distribution of units'capacity. Combining with the non-traditional security problems, we can find that anarchy of the international community,the changes of international situation and the transfer of national strategic focus after the Cold War and the global trends are the causes of the emergence and expansion of non-traditional security from the system level. This analysis enables us to form a macro and objective understanding of the status of the international community and the background of non-traditional security.The third chapter attempts to analyze the causes of non-traditional security issue from the national level. The theory of State-level contents two parts, namely, the unit's "property" and the "process" of interactions. Many non-traditional problems generated from inner country. Therefore, we can find the direct cause from the analysis of the unit's "property" that including the country's political and economic systems and cultural traditions and so on. In addition, with the growing numbers of non-state actors and the more and more important role they played in international affairs, the interaction in international community has not just confined to the relationships among sovereign states. The positions of Inter-Governmental Organizations, Non-Governmental Organizations and Multinational Corporations have enhanced greatly and to be great driving force of the emergence and expansion of non-traditional security problems. Therefore, the study from this level can help us not only understand the causes of non-traditional security more directly and deeply, but also make more targeted and operational measures.The fourth chapter attempts to explain the causes of non-traditional security problems from individual-level. In many cases, personal factors are neglected in the international community. However, from historical process we can see that the personal factors played an important role in the formation of a national system, the formulation of national foreign policies and even the establishment of international norms. The same is true in the field of non-traditional security. The emergence and settlement of many non-traditional security problems are related to those who with certain social status, abilities, qualifications and conditions. This analysis can improve our understanding on the value and role of "human" and concern about human rights,dignity and human security.The fifth chapter is some consideration on the non-traditional security problems. The three parts of the levels of analysis is a dialectical unity as an organic whole. To non-traditional security problems, we can form a comprehensive cognition to the causes of non-traditional security problems through a general study of the three aspects. Aiming at above analysis the paper advances some measures to solve the non-traditional security problems from the global level, national-level and individual level. As non-traditional security studies is still a burgeoning academic subjects, so there are still many problems unexplored, such as how to definite non-traditional security in system-level and how to solve these problems effectively and maneuverability and so on.