The Theory Of Proletarian Justice--Research On The Influence Of The Communist Declaration

The theory of justice of Marx and Engels is proletarian justice, which is put forward and theorized during the proletarian labour movement and the practice of class conflict. This theory has efficiently guided proletarian revolutionary movement and has had deep influence on contemporary theory of justice and the adjustment of political system of capitalist countries. Undoubtedly, it is of important theoretical and practical significance to probe into the theory of justice of Marx and Engels and its influence for constructing socialistic harmonious society.The proletarian theory of justice of Marx and Engels was established officially in Communist Declaration. Through the analysis and criticism of the capitalist system of private ownership, Communist Declaration revealed the class nature of justice and raised of proletarian justice. Combined with the criticisms of various socialist schools, it reached the conclusion, that is, elimination of private ownership and classes and the realization of communism. The proletarian theory of justice was aiming at eliminating classes, achieving justice and freedom of human society in its true sense and promoting the all-round development of human beings.During the heated debate with Proudhon, Duhring and others minds, Marx's class theory of justice was and perfected gradually. Marx criticized the retrogressed claim of French petty bourgeois socialist Proudhon who advocated reforming the private property of capitalist industrialization into the private property of small-scale individual production. Marx also refuted Proudhon's illusion of realizing equality through improvement. Engels criticized reactionary petty bourgeois ideologist Duhring's the theoretical system of Utopian socialism which openly opposed Marxism and based on eclecticism and vulgar economics. And Engels removed the negative effects of theory on German party and German labour movement in 1870s and achieved the conclusion of eliminating classes through class analysis of justice. In Marx's Criticism of "Bourgeois," Engels enriched and improved the Marxist theory of justice.The theory of class justice of Marx and Engels discussed the interests and justice of proletariat, criticized the essential of capitalist justice, analyzed the phenomenon of proletarian pauperization and raised unavoidable questions for contemporary theory of justice. The contemporary theory of justice centering on Rawles, which focused on the following questions:justice of social system, fairness of the weak, and the fairness of equality, answered contemporary social justice issues from different aspects and reflected the Marxist theory of class justice in varying degrees. With the development of the international labour movement, the Marx and Engels'analysis of the class nature of justice forced the western capitalist countries to have the ongoing adjustments of policy, consider the interests of the working class, compromise with the political struggles of workers and legalize the social and political statue of working class. Therefore, the theory of class justice of Marx and Engels had significant theoretical and practical influences.The construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics is confronting serious problems of impartiality and justice. Since China adopted the reform and opening-up policy, the national economy has developed rapidly, so the questions concerning about the differentiation of interests and the issues of fairness and justice are becoming prominent day by day.It is of great magnitude to probe into the concepts, principles and solutions of the proletarian theory of justice of Marx and Engels combing with the contemporary problems for constructing the harmonious society with Chinese characteristics.