| Objective: To know the Nutrition Status and meal behavior feature of urban and rural middle school students in Chongqing, as well as to ascertain the main Nutrition problem of middle school students. To analyze the factors influencing students'Nutrition Status, which provide scientific guidance for making corresponding policy and measures.Methods: The stratified multi-stage and cluster random sampling methods are adopted in the investigation. One town of urban district and suburban district is selected randomly respectively, from which one urban middle school and one suburban middle school are selected randomly respectively. Two classes of each grade in the selected four schools are supposed to have a physical examination and are investigated on the projects of Nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior by the way of questionnaire. One of the two selected classes is chosen randomly to investigate the dietary intake by the way of 24 hours retrospective method which lasts for three days. The data base is established based on the software of EpiDate3.02 and the questionnaire is conducted statistical analysis based on the software of SAS8.0, as well as is corrected logically and confirmed by double entering the data the same time. Headmasters of the selected middle school and administrative staff of the school canteen are interviewed individually and the students are also interviewed by the way of designated subject panel discussion, finally the data material is analyzed qualitatively based on the platform of MAXqda.Assessment of dietary nutrition status of middle school students: The daily dietary intake of each student is obtained by investigation, based on which the daily energy intake and nutrient intake of all kinds are calculated according to the food element table. The nutrition status of students is evaluated by comparing the obtained results with the reasonable intake range of all kinds of food by referring to《china residents balanced dietary pagoda》and《china residents dietary nutrient reference intakes》.Assessment of nutrition physique status of middle school students: The nutrition status of students is evaluated based on the weight for standard height point table that from《National student physique standard》. The weight is compared on the assumption that the age, gender and height of students are same, the nutrition status is evaluated and the evaluation results are divided into five classes: malnutrition, lower weight, normal weight, overweight, adiposity.Questionnaire assessment of nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior: nutrition knowledge is evaluated by marking, one point for the right answer and zero point for the wrong, no answer or don't know the answer, the full marks are ten.Results:1,The cereals,beans,milk,eggs,meat,vegetables and fruits everage daily intake of middle school students in Chongqing were 292.33g,89.77g,209.18g,45.78g,69.53g,98.07g,106.01g;Everage daily energy intake was 1935.41kcal,which of men was 1967.52kcal,women was1908.43kcal ;The protein,fat,carbohydrate,vitamin A,vitamin C,calcium,iron and zinc everage daily intake were 78.47g,58.00 g,262.14 g,395.69 g,65.32g,629.71 g,13.28 g,8.54 g.55.64% of energy from carbohydrates,27.70% from fat,16.66% from protein.2,The detectable rates of malnutrition, lower weight, normal weight, overweight and adiposity of the investigated 2465 middle school students are 4.46%,44.87%,37.08%,5.23%,8.44% respectively. As to the detectable rates of normal weight, girls are higher than boys at all age level and countryside is higher than towns and cities. As regard to the detectable rates of malnutrition and lower weight, boys are higher than girls when the age is smaller than 18 and towns and cities are higher than countryside. The detectable rates of overweight and adiposity of girls are higher than boys when the age is smaller than 17. The multiple factors Logistic regression analysis indicates that: the factors that influence the nutrition status of middle school students are the age, gender, whether or not like physical culture and sports, studying time, shape of their or their parents'physical body and the cultural level of their parents.3,The average grade of nutrition knowledge of the investigated students is 5.11±1.89 (full grade is 10) and the average grade of boys and girls are 4.94±1.97, 5.26±1.80 respectively, U=16.74, P<0.0001. Only 9.97% of middle school students can tell the harm of barbecue and 14.72% know the harm of sodas beverage. The main channel of getting nutrition knowledge is TV and 81.68% of students get nutrition information from TV. 55.64% of students have the habit of eating breakfast everyday and 80.24% of them eat two or fewer kinds of food as their breakfast. The rate of students who regularly drink sodas beverage is 13.87%, while who eat 4 times barbecue in one week is 5.60%. The rates of students who regularly eat candy and instant noodle are 7.63% and 6.87% respectively.4,Qualitative research results: students suggest that the nutrition of food provided by school canteen is not in reasonable or proper proportions and the food categories are not enough, especially the green vegetables, furthermore, the food quality and hygiene are supposed to be improved. The school headmaster and administrative staff of school canteen claim that the schools do not set standard nutrition and health education curriculums and there is not training courses on nutrition knowledge and compounding food for the school canteen staff and some technique guidance and support are supposed to be provided by higher authority, and periodical training courses are needed for the administrative staff of school canteen and the best condition is providing the daily nutrition and health recipes for students.Conclusion:1,The meat and vegetable average daily intake of middle school students in Chongqing below the recommended intake of《china residents balanced dietary pagoda》,this shows that the dietary intake structure of middle school students in Chongqing are unreasonable.More meat,fresh vegetables and legumes should be taken by students.2,Results: The detectable rates of malnutrition and lower weight of middle school students in Chong-Qing are obviously higher compared with the rates of 2004, however, the detectable rates of overweight and adiposity are lower. The nutrition status distribution is diverse with regard to the gender, age and regions (countryside or towns) , therefore, diverse and corresponding nutrition intervene strategies should be taken given different people and condition, make sure the nutrition intake is in proper proportion and take sufficient physical sports.3,The nutrition knowledge of middle school students in Chong-Qing needs to be improved, especially the knowledge on harmful food. The quality of breakfast is at low level and the rates of harmful eating habits are high. Some effective measures should be taken to improve the nutrition knowledge level of middle school students and impel them to develop good dietary behavior, and finally improve the nutrition status of middle school students. 4,Schools and related departments should govern as well as supervise the work of nutrition knowledge education and provide periodical training courses on the nutrition knowledge and dietary compounding for the staff of school canteen.
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