Institutional Comparison Of Academic Profession Administrative System Between American And German Universities

As the center of spread knowledge, other than the traditional ivory tower, it must adapt to the changing social realities and requirements. With the political, economic and cultural development constantly harmony, university take on more responsibility in the development and progress of the process, Academic maintenance and advance need the auxiliary power. University needs to improve the internal management system, Achieve internal and external ultimate equilibrium to become the social assume. Among them, the academic profession administration is the priority. Today, with university management, academic profession development gradually formed a kind of institutionalized path, and become the core target of university system construction. From the perspective of system to analyze academic career management has important significance for exploring and building good university management system.As the world's academic center gradually from the initial Italy to the French, British and German until the transfer to the United States today, the United States gradually accomplished in core position in international academic career, has "the center of science and learning system in the word" (Altbach). While Germany, the forerunners of American, success started Berlin University in the nineteenth century, the higher education achievement the top of the world, "academic" accomplished German university brilliancy. Therefore, exploring American universities academic career management system, it's necessary to extended to its far-reaching traceability of German universities, for both institutionalized comparison and analysis, to summarize its characteristics and experience are concern is beneficial.Based on the academic profession related theory as a foundation basis, from the macroscopic and microscopic double perspective, with "system" as the breakthrough point, through analyzing the American university academic career management system and compared with German university, explore the effective ways to suit our university academic career administration, in order to further standardize university academic career management research category, promote the new research field positive healthy development.This paper first analyzes the related concepts in academic, academic career and management system, including the definition, characteristic and basic components, etc. in order to have a fundamental understanding and master of academic profession, trace to its source, and search for the essence of academic career management mechanism. Second, analyzes the American and German university academic career management system characteristics and trends, Found that the academic freedom is the institutional conception and logical starting point; the appointment system is the institutional framework and implementing condition; hierarchical locating and governance is the retentive condition and organizational foundation. Finally, through the above analysis, according to academic career characteristics and their own development principle, the paper puts forward and constructing suitable way for China's modern university academic career management. Including: academic freedom as the core concept of academic career management; the delimitation of academic and administrative management is the cornerstone for forming academic profession; procedural justice becomes the key of academic career management; occupational safety formed the inevitable choice of academic career management.