A Study Of Aging Problems And Its Coutermeasures In Japan

In the process of population development, there has been a tendency of population Aging around the world. It is an issue that involves many aspects such as economics, politics, social development, population project and so on. The accelerating of Aging process has already aroused the attention all over the world. On the basis of researches from both inside and outside the country, the dissertation, from the perspective of history as well as sociology, throws bright on the Aging problems and countermeasures of Japan and makes an attempt to find out what can be beneficial for our country.Japan is the country, which is facing the most serious problems caused by Aging. As earlier as 1970, its population over 65 has reached 7.1% of total population and been in the rank of the Aging society. When it coming into a new century, Japan suffers badly from Aging problems. Whether it is capable of removing this obstacle or not, has a direct influence on the status of Japan in the world. As for China, it has been regard as an Aging society already in 2000. Despite the great disparities between Japan and China, it is considered as benefit that the Aging problems in Japan and its countermeasures may serve as reference for China to solve its own.Hence the dissertation probes respectively into these issues in four parts as following:The first part: It illustrates the mode of measuring Aging population, which is adopted generally nowadays, and explains the process and causes of Aging in Japan, It also generalizes the characteristics of Aging in Japan such as high speed, profound effect, imbalance between urban and rural areas, and women-orientedness.The second part: Individually, longevity has been regarded as bliss all the time. In Japan, however, it becomes a kind of "luxury" that its society can not afford now, for which affects not only workforce supply, but also traditional employment system of enterprises as well as ideology of family maintenance, and increases the burden of the Japanese and is a challenge for its endowment insurance. Besides, it also influences its industrial structure and disturbs its people. Besides, the dissertation appraises the dual economic consequence of population.The third part: To cope with these problems, the Japanese government sets up the institutions and lays down countermeasures, establishes annuity and employment system for the aged to ensure their income, improves welfare policies, encourage families to continue their efforts to support their parents with the facilitation of the community services. Thus, the aged are provided with proper Medicare and maintenance and enjoy their old age. As to its rural areas which suffers most badly from Aging problems, Japan has established a pension system for peasants on the one hand, furthered its development on the other hand. Such countermeasures have succeeded in helping Japan passing through the difficult phase caused by Aging problems.The fourth part: In comparing the way that Japan solve the Aging problems with that of China, it is found that there are great similarities between them, such as in the features of Aging process, in family-support and so on. In spite of the differences in their politics, economics and so on, there are things which is worthy of drawing attention and may serve as benefits for China. In concerning the characteristic and current state of Aging problems in China, the dissertation makes an attempt to propose some solution to them. To set up endowment insurance of multi-levels; to hold on the effort of family support for the aged; to develop 'grey-hair' market; to specialize the management; and to formulate laws as to have the rights of the aged guaranteed and policies for them carried out smoothly.