A Comparative Study On The Economic Impacts And Countermeasures Of Aging Population In China And Japan

The aging of the population is currently a global issue.In 2019,the world 's population aged 65 and over has exceeded 9%,and we are now in an aging society.Although the aging of the population is a demographic or sociological phenomenon,the impact of the aging of the population on the economy is very huge,because people are both producers and consumers,and are the driving force for the continuous progress and development of the economy.As the proportion of the elderly population in the total population increases from low to high,the society of a country or region can be judged as an aging society,an aged society and a super-aging society.Japan entered the aging society as early as the 1970 s,and the degree of aging continued to deepen,it developed into an aged society in 1994.At present,Japan is already in a state of super-aging society.China's pre-aging process is relatively slow,and it entered the aging society in 2000.At present,the aging population accounts for 11.9% of the total population.With the aging process accelerating,China is expected to enter the aged society around 2025.The aging of the population has had a huge impact on the economies of China and Japan.However,China has just entered the aging society for 20 years,and the relevant experience and coping experience are inadequate.Therefore,this article selects Japan as a reference object.By comparing and studying the comprehensive development of aging in the two countries to analyze the characteristics of China's aging.By comparing and studying the economic impact of aging on labor supply,savings,consumption and technological progress to analyze the differences in the impact of aging at different levels.By comparing and studying the coping systems and policies of the two countries under these influences to analyze the strategic differences and the shortcomings of China's coping policies.The aim is to provide China with a better perspective to understand the aging and to make corresponding policy improvements.The selection of Japan as a reference object is based on the following four reasons: First,Japan is currently the country with the fastest and most serious aging population.Second,China and Japan have a similar development model of aging population,both of which are rapidly aging.The third is that China and Japan belong to the East Asian countries and are influenced by Confucianism and have a certain cultural commonality.Fourth,Japan has relatively rich experience in dealing with the aging population.This article compares the economic impact of the aging population on labor supply,savings,consumption,and technological progress in China and Japan and finds that: in terms of labor supply,the aging population has caused adverse results in both labor reduction and labor aging.However,in terms of labor participation rate,Japan has been promoted by aging,while China has the opposite.At the same time,China's labor force may be structurally unemployed due to a low education level.Currently,there is no labor shortage in China.In terms of saving rate,China's saving rate is not significantly affected by aging,but after 2010,the saving rate began to decline with the acceleration of aging.The change of Japan's savings has a significant negative correlation with the aging.In terms of consumption,the aging population has caused changes in the consumption structure of China and Japan as well as a reduction in consumption levels.In terms of technological progress,aging has inhibited personal innovation and reduced the level of human capital in human function,but in the short term,it has increased the number of high-output workers in China and Japan,and raised the level of human capital.In terms of enterprise innovation,aging has played a positive role in inspiring China and Japan.In terms of national investment in R&D,aging population is conducive to the acquisition of resources for technological progress in China,while Japan is the opposite.In view of the economic impact of the aging population at the above four levels,China and Japan have formed and formulated a policy system and specific policies suitable for the country based on their own national conditions.Through comparison,this article finds that China and Japan's coping policies have their own advantages and disadvantages and focus.Finally,learn from the strengths of Japan 's coping policies to make up for the shortcomings of China,suggesting that China can respond the aging population by improving the top-level framework,coping with the declining labor force,improving the quality of the labor force,developing the pension service market,strengthen corporate innovation leadership and improving the social security system.