Respiratory Training And Objective Measure In Hearing And Speech Rehabilitation For Deaf Children

Respiratory training and objective measure in hearing and speech rehabilitation for deaf childrenWang YanlongRespiration system is the sustaining source of voice-speech production, which includes lungs, trachea, bronchia, ribs, diaphragm and respiration muscles. Respiration system is very important for human being, it not only maintains the life, but helps to phonate. It functions through the coordination of the intercostal muscles, diaphragm, thorax and abodomen muscles. The physiological abdomen breathing mainly represents the active salience of the abdomen and nagative contriction (led by abdomen ); speech respiration bases on the physiological respiration, including abrupt inspiration and a balanced steady expiration, which means that inspiration and expiration are cooperative and antagonistic (respiration support), all which maintain enough subglottal pressure. Consequently, respiration sustainment becomes the key part of every kind of phonation. If repiration system has the physical problems (which limits the respiration ), and /or laryngeal falls ill (physical pathology), or fails to cooperate the respiration and phonation system, then kinds of speech disorders including functional and physical ones may appear. With the development of the hearing-aid, coclear implant technology, and speech pathology and hearing science, most deaf children acquire more chances to develop their speech and hearing ability, the increasing numbers of them can go to normal school . But during the speech and language training, these children may encouter many problems of speech, such as functional speech respiration disorders and so on, because the deaf children often miuse their voice, which makes respiration and phonation disharmony, and it can becomes the bad habit; The other deaf children do not use voice for so long time that the phonation system is not in use. In addition, hearing aid and coclear technology is limited, which means that they could not completely imitate the real ear function. So without proper training of speech and hearing, these children fail to establish the normal hearing and speech reflection mechanism.The symptom of functional speech respiration disorder represents that breathing hard, tired, unnecessary speech break, roughness, hard attach or breathness, thorax breathing and so forth. At the process of rehabilitation for deaf children, there are few scientific assessment criterion and effective therapy methods. Many rehabilitation teachers misconceive that the thorax breathing is most effective for the children, which makes them phonate more difficultly. In order to ensure fluent speech , speech therapists should keep watching on the symptom above and take a scientific analysis , on basis of which therapists can institute corresponding therapy measures. Because subjective assessment has 84% relativity with the objective assessment, so we can adapt some objective parameters to diagnose ,assess and monitor and control these functional disorders. At present the effective parameters include: maximal phonation time, maximal counting ability, s/z and mean flow rate. The parameter of MPT is very useful , which can preferably reflect the quality of the speech respiration. There are three experiments in this book. The first one is to establish the norms for the normal children of every sex and age. The second one is to testify abdomen breathing is most effective for the speech development of the deaf children; The third one is to testify the thorax breathing training is the wrong method .The results of this research make clear that the MPT of normal children is influenced by gender, age, vital capacity; the abdomen breathing training is the effective method for prolonging the MPT, and improving the speech respiration; and through the mearsue of the MPT of thorax breathing , testify the abdomen breathing training is right again. ...