The Influence On HIF-1 Protein Expression And NO Content In Mouse's Brain With Long-term Swiming Training Under The Simulation Of "Living-high Training-low"

The training method named "Living-high Training-low", put forward by American scholar Levine in 1991, is a great breakthrough in the development history of plateau training. It means that the athletes live in the plateau or man-made hypoxic surroundings, so as to enhance the organism's hypoxic preadaptation and improve the anti-anoxia ability, while they train in the plain or lower plateau to achieve effective training load. This can make the athletes not only train in normal aerobic environment to assure exercise intensity, but also attain hypoxic stimulation during rest, to promote potentiality, to make the organism produce drastic stress reaction and a series of physiological and biochemical reactions beneficial to the improvement of motor ability. It has been proven to be able to enhance the athletes' abilities of oxygen transportation and oxygen utilization, and promote their motor ability. It is the improvement of traditional plateau training and has great applicative prospect in physical training process.HIF-1 exists in mammals extensively, which participates in hypoxia-inducible genetic transcription and plays a key role in the mediate of hypoxia-inducible gene expressions. In hypoxic condition, HIF-1 induce the hypoxic reactions of the whole or parts of the organism, and meanwhile induce the cells' physiological reaction in hypoxia, thus strengthen the organism's anti-anoxia ability. Besides, HIF-1 can quickly induce a lot of expressions and the adjustment of anoxia-induced genes, so as to enhance the hypoxia-induced genetic transcription and increase the expressions, and engender physiological effects, such as adjusting the transcription of EPO genes to increase their production, thereby the red blood cells' quantity is enlarged, which strengthens the ability of oxygen transportation and mitigates anoxia; adjusting VEGF genetic transcription to engender more blood capillaries, consequently the transportation and supply of oxygen and substance of energy source are strengthened; adjusting the glycolytic enzyme to enhance glycolysis ability under anoxemia condition and increase energy supply; functioning on HO-1 genes in vascular smooth muscle cells to produce HO-1, which can engender NO and CO as pneumatic signal molecules to activate the guanylate cyclases, thus CGMP level is improved to make the vascular smooth muscles chalasia, to restrain platelet agglutination, so that theblood flow and vascular permeability are increased, and the anoxic tissues obtain ample oxygen supply, etc.. HIF-1 functions as the key regulatory factor in oxygen-induction channel and influences the training effects of "Living-high Training-low" method greatly.Researches testify that NO of physiological level plays an active role in the organism. It causes vasodilatation, functions as the important neurotransmitter, and improves immunity, etc.. With the deepening of the study in the relationship between NO and movement, it has been found that NO plays a critical role in movement. In a certain range, NO level is regarded as an important evaluating index for organism's motor ability, especially for the level of stamina. Therefore, it is possible that NO has some relation with the mechanism of "Living-high Training-low". Large dose of NO that is beyond the physiological level may engender oxidative stress reaction, injure mitochondria, destroy the activities of relevant enzymes, and finally induce the apoptosis of cells. If NO in CNS is produced excessively during movement, it will bring forth neurotoxicity and form a possible mechanism of motor fatigue and overtraining.In this experiment, under the simulation of "Living-high Training-low", we observe the change between cerebral HIF-1 protein expression and NO level of mouse, so as to study their possible relationship with "Living-high Training-low" and contribute to the exploration of this biochemical mechanism. In view of the important place of oxygen induction in "Living-high Training-low", together with the significant role of NOS towards NO, the brain is the tissue of the biggest oxyg...