| From Platon's "Republic" to More's "Utopia", from Campanella's "Sun City" to Augustinus's"City of God",from the Confucianists' "Great Harmony" to Laozi's"Small Land, Few People",from Kang Youwei's "World in Universal Harmony" to Mao Zedong's"Model Village",during every period of social development, in every corner where man lives, there enthusiastically overflow people's clinging whoops and vehemently surge people's indomitable pursuits of ideal. As a social activity aiming for the future and human's growing, creating goodliness and perfect and promoting man's soul and spirit, education in itself cannot but cherish ideal internally, give birth to hope naturally and undertake people's eager expectation and peaceful affection greatly. At the same time, the infestation of scientism and the wilful persecution of instrumental rationalism make people indulge in crazy infatuation with and chase after outer knowledge, and forget the attention and salvation of their spirit, belief and soul. Unconditionally economizing and unreasonably marketing of education make itself become vulgar in looking after and leading man's soul, thus obscuring the loftiness, profoundness and goodliness of educational ideal and making man fall in living predicament and significance crisis, which has never happened before. In the times when everyone is only interested in and fully occupied by material gain, where can we find the residence to berth our soul in and the homestead to bestow our spirit on? The paper logically outspreads according to the thinking of "explaining history, criticizing reality and foreseeing future", summarizing and hackling educational ideal in Chinese and western history, pondering and interpreting its imlication, analyzing and criticizing the reasons which cause its predicament. And then, on this foundation, it combines the characteristics of the age and tries to reconstruct educational ideal, aiming to bring a thread of brightness to education which is gradually lose its selfhood and drifting with the tide on the noisy and blundering social background, leading people to pay attention to self-restraint of heart, nurture of spirit and promotion of value, in order to find an interior Pure Land in the material age , when enjoyment prevails and people are eager for quick success and instant benefit, and to make people live a life which is well worth living and live as man. The whole paper is made up of four parts: Part One, endless pursuit: the historical review of educational ideal. Dominated by the traditional philosophy of oneness of heaven and man, China forms society-and-country-centered educational ideal which emphasizes morality perfect. Whereas, dominated by the traditional philosophy of subject-object dichotomy, the western countries form the educational ideal which attaches much importance to the growing of wisdom, the nurturance of the character of will-independence and free development of individuality. The western educational ideal hammers at constructing a nice rational kingdom, while its Chinese counterpart takes up with depicting a leisurely and comfortable moral genre painting. Educational ideal is the everlasting pursuit of the human being. With the development of society and the progress of history, it will be necessary for China and the western countries to draw lessons mutually and mix together in the course of getting over their own disadvantages and perfecting themselves. Part Two, unwearied search: the interpretation of the implication of educational ideal. After part one gives the general understanding of educational ideal, this part aims to go further to explore its internal view. As the reflection of man's ideal in the field of education, educational ideal expresses man's great longing and sincere aspiration for the future of man, society and education, not only accumulating profound humane feelings and lofty pursuit of value, but also overflowing strict scientific spirit and reasonable concern for man. Educational ideal figures ideal personality with its characteristic t...
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