Analysis To The Problem Of Poor Family Housing In China

The housing is people's basic demand and essential to people's life, just like the food and clothes. The difficulty in housing is one of the problems that poor families in city have to confront. Lots of data shows, that the poor families in city have difficulty not only in clothes, foods, health care, children's education and social contacts, but also in housing. According to the data of the 156 low social security families in Dalian, investigated by the Social Policy Research Center of Chinese Academy of Social Science, there are four characters owned by the poor families in city in the housing difficulty. First, the usage area in average is too small, and it causes the housing crowded, basically it's impossible for one person owns a room. Second, few people have own housing, so they have to rent, and it increase the expenditure of the family. Third, the condition of the housing is very poor. Forth, housing generally isn't in series. The problem should be solved effectually, because it does matters with the increasing of the living level of those families and the social stability. Labor market exclusion is the cause of the families low incomes, and it may be also one of the cause of the housing difficulty. The labor market is in revolution, so it's different from that of the planned economy. If a person wants to have a job, he must get into the competition in the labor market. When the labor is too much, and the companies have the right to choose and decide, there are some exclusions in the labor market. Those whose ability lower than anyone else may be the easiest excluded people, so losing jobs are influential to the families'incomes. Just like the investigation showing, the poor families in city generally are the families whose members are unemployed, or the families that don't have the members to work. . The low ability to enter the market makes those families not participate the market competition well. The family member may lose his job, and the incomes of families may be influenced. Housing market exclusions is another cause of the housing difficulty for the poor families in city. The housing market is also in revolution, and housing conditions isn't as same as the welfare mode before. The housing has become the goods, and you need to pay for it. The person who can afford the price, is able to meet the demands of housing through the housing market. So there are exclusions in the housing market naturally. It means that poor families in city are excluded by the housing market, or their incomes can't afford the price. On the one hand, housing price is increasing continuously; on the other hand, the poor conditions of those families can't be improved. So the problem of housing difficulty is more obvious. The housing policy exclusions is the third cause of the difficulty. Chinese government adopts the housing provident funds, which is a financing channel, to solve the housing problem of workers. But the housing provident funds are just for the incumbent workers. So only if the workers who have stable work and the companies are able to pay, can enjoy the policy. As we know, so far, not every family in city can enjoy it , especially such poor families. Like mentioned above, their economic conditions don't allow them to enjoy the policy. From that we can draw a conclusion that the policy of housing provident funds excludes the poor families in city completely. Housing loan now becomes a important measure to make their dreams come true ahead of schedule for all the people in city. However, this measure excludes the poor families in city as the same, because they didn't meet the request of applying for the loan. According to the relevant regulation, there are three factors to apply for the loan. Firstly, the person should have stable job and income, good reputation, and have the ability to repay the capital and interest. Secondly, the persons who don't have housing allowances should offer a certain amount of money for the first-phase payment. Thirdly, theperson should have the assets as the mortgage, or the guarantor who has the ability to compensate. For the poor families in city, it's very difficult to reach the demand. As a result, the policy of housing loan excludes those families in the same way. In order to solve the problem, the government put forward a policy called economic suitable housing policy. To carry out the policy, the government gives special discount, limit the construction standard, the object to supply and sale price, and provide goods housing which is characterized by policy and social security. If the family corresponds with the conditions, they can buy or rent a set of economic suitable housing. The government has built lots of housing mentioned above since 1998, in all parts of the country, but actually, most of the families that can enjoy the policy are the one that has medium-sized incomes, even high incomes. One of the reasons is that the housing is not suitable for the poor families, maybe the area is too large, or the price is too high. The other reason is that there is something wrong in implementing the policy. Such as, the definitions of the low or medium-sized income families are not clear, the behaviors of violating the rule exist widely. Therefore the economic suitable policy may be not economic. It's hard to enjoy it for the poor families in city .we can conclude that the economic suitable policy excludes those families, too. Whatever the housing provident funds, the housing loans and the economic suitable housing policy, the poor families in city don't receive the benefits, because of the limited conditions. The current policies are powerless to solve the problem of difficulty in housing for those families. It is a good choice to establish the system of renting housing cheaply. The foreign practice indicates that such system is the effective policy choice indeed. The so called renting housing cheaply policy is a system to assign housing in the purpose of welfare, just for the poor families in city, which is the important...