The Family Planning And Its Influence To Fertility Level In China

This paper mainly studies the bearing policy of our country and its impact on bearing level, introduces the course that the bearing policy develops and bearing level of each period, relatively studies the bearing policy and its difference in urban and rural areas on influence and national difference of our country. And to predict in the next people's development trend of our country of the following 50 years of different bearing policies, in the end put forward the corresponding countermeasure and suggestion to how to lower bearing level.. First, introducing relevant concepts and our country's current bearing policy and theoretical foundation of the bearing policy of our country. Our country's current bearing policy is the family planning policy to limit propagation of population, produced on the basis of combining actual conditions with Marxism correct theoretical direction. Promoting the family planning, controlling population growth, improving the health of the people, is both inevitable result of socialist system in our country and inevitable outcome that summarize scientifically, issue of experience and lessons too to our country population. The bearing policy of the plan is the embodiment of developing policies of people. In socialism China, to solve contradiction of population growth and economic development, on the basis of developing the productivity in a more cost-effective manner, we should promote the family planning, control population growth in a planned way. This is the result that Marxism and China's concrete reality combined together, which totally accords with the national conditions of our country. Second, describing the bearing policy of different periods of our country and its impact on bearing level. (1) stage of the putting forward of bearing abstention policy (1949 ~1961 ). During 1949~1957, the birthrate of our country had been kept above 30‰, had had a net increase of population 104,860,000 during 8 years, had formed the baby boom of the first bearing summit. Our country went through the natural calamity for 3 years from1959 to 1961, caused the birthrate to fall sharply, death rate increase sharply, the rate of natural growth drops in a large scale. (2) pilot stage of the recommending family planning (1962 ~1969 ). Compensational bearing after the three-year difficulty period magnified the multiple pressure to the society and economy, it already exceeds 700 million to point out national population in 1962 censuses, the natural rate of growth is 25. 83‰, the fertility rate of the total is 5. 8. In that moment, the State Council sent out the written instruction about recommending the family planning conscientiously formally, the family planning work was launched progressively. (3) Forming and popularizing stage in " late , rare , lack bearing policy " (1970 ~1980 ). " late rare lacking " bearing policy's implementation dropped the national total fertility rate by 5 in 1970s 5.8, still dropped to 2.2 in 1980s, the birthrate from 33. 43‰to 18. 21‰, the rate of natural growth from 25. 83‰to 11. 87‰,and had a net increase of population reduce to 11,630,000 by 23,210,000. (4) Of our country current proposition and perfection stage of bearing policy (since 1980). Our country's current plan bearing policy was recommended: Late marriage and childbirth, having fewer but healthier children; A couple only bear a child. The cadre, worker and urban residents are except when there are specialcircumstances and is sanctioned bearing the second child, a couple only bear a child. Countryside is it that a couple bearing one child only to want too is recommended, some person give birth to second child if having actual difficulty between interval time. In order to improve economic educational level of the minority area and nation's quality, they should promote the family planning too in the ethnic minority, concrete demand and method are decided by each autonomous region or the province where one stays. From 1980 to 2001, the birthrate of our country was from 18. 21‰drops to 14. 6‰, the rate of natural growth is from 11. 87‰drops to 6. 95‰, the fertility rate of the national total is from 2. 2 drops to about 1.8. Population reproduction type realize from high born, low death, high to rise to low born , low death , historical transition of low growth, population and family planning work have entered the new period of steady low bearing level. (5) Analysis of bearing level influence of the bearing policy in different periods. According to the gradual progress course of the bearing policy of our country, the author make the division in various degree to the intensity of the bearing policy, combine the total fertility rate curve to relatively describing, the trends of the clear reflection bearing policy gradual progress and fertility rate change of our country, have reflected the influence degree to bearing level of bearing policy. Third, comparing the difference of bearing policies of our country and explained the impact on bearing level. (1) The difference of bearing policies in urban and rural areas and impact on bearing level. The bearing policy of our country reflects the characteristic that on the differentials between town and country: The bearing policy in the urban area is rigorouslied enforcing more than the rural area, the effect of implementing the policy is obvious. This part takes total population's proportion according to the urban areaand rural area population, and then the child allowing to bear rural and urban population according to the policy counts and classifies: A child, 1 child half (only daughter's family can give birth to 2 children ), and then fetch the policies of all kinds of crowds and allow to bear the weighted average that the child counts (account for the weight of total population with all kinds of crowds) policy fertility rate that can draw urban area , rural area and the whole country . Calculate the policy fertility rate of appearing in the urban area of our country is 1. 15, the rural area is 1. 67, the whole country is 1. 53. (2) The difference of national bearing policies and impact on bearing level. The population growth of the autonomous region of total people and various nationalities of ethnic minority is faster than the growth rate of the whole country and regional population of the Han nationality greatly. The center government adopts the policy of looking after basically in bearing policy of ethnic minority which all parts made at present. General regulation is that, 10 million people's following ethnic minority population can bear two children; Border and people's less ethnic minority population bear three children can have intervalsing. Regulation of restriction on the thing that the peasants and herdsmen of ethnic minority have not made the concrete quantity of bearing of Xizang(Tibet) Autonomous Region. This is a current bearing policy of ethnic minority of our country. Forth, predicting people's development trend of the following 50 years of our country under different bearing policies. The author adopt three schemes to implement separately: (1)National general couple bear a child; (2)On the basis of our country's current bearing policy , generally allow both sides to be bearing two children of only-children married couple in countryside of national city; (3)Generally allow to bear the bearing policies of two to three children in countryside of national...