The Historical Transformation And Development Of The Vocational Education Modes For The Advanced Normal School Teachers

The transformation of the traditional normal education into the modern teachers' education in China has accelerated the conversion of the teachers training modes and the establishment of the vocational training modes adaptable to the social development has already become a significant topic for the advanced normal schools. The present research tries to comb the historical transformation of the vocational education modes and summarizes its basic features. Historically, this research probes into the present transformation of the vocational training modes, the problems involved and their causes, and then provides some basic methods and measures of optimizing the vocational training modes corresponding to the tendency in the teachers' education. Therefore, this study is indubiously of some value to the transformation of the teachers' training and its modes.This thesis consists of five parts.The first part is the introduction in which the significance and the basic methods of the research are offered together with the explanation of some basic concepts such as the training modes. The second part gives an analysis of the conversion of the Chinese higher normal education modes from "the orientation mode" through "the non-orientation mode" to "the mixed mode" and then the return to "the orientation mode" and finally to "the mixed mode". The thesis writer divides this change into five different stages: copying the Japanese mode of teachers' training, imitating the American mode of the teachers' training, following the former USSR mode of the teachers' training mode, modifying and optimizing the solitary orientation and establishing a multiple open mode in the vocational education. With Northwest Normal University of one hundred years as a case, this research analyzes the characteristics of these five stages and elaborates upon the basic features of the transformation of the vocational training modes, emphasizing the conversion from a solitary mode to multiple mode in which the training purpose is even higher and more comprehensive than that of the former. In this multiple mode, the system of the curricula puts stress on training the students' integrated quality and development of their personality as well as a more rational and scientific mechanism of function. The third part of the thesis examines the innovation and development of the vocational training modes of the higher education teachers in the transition from the traditional normal education to the modern teachers' education and explores the practices of reformation such as "the 3+1 mode" and "the 2+2 mode" of talent training.On the basis of the review and survey of the vocational training modes, the fourth part of the paper summarized some issues in the present-day vocational training mode such as the failure of diversity in the training ends, the deficient specialization in teachers' training, the irrational system of curricula, and the insufficiency of teaching practice. Besides, this paper endeavors to probe into the historical causes for these problems in three aspects: the discussion over the specialty of the normal education, the reformation in the higher education, and the deficient teaching practice.The fifth part of the thesis puts forward the policy of optimizing the vocational training modes in accordance with the tendency of the international teachers'education: the reformation should be focused upon the comprehensive training of high quality teachers, oriented toward the specialization of the teachers with the clear separation between the specialty education and the teachers' education, which ought to be guaranteed by the scientific administration and management of the modern teaching.