Environment And Policies Operation

Abstract: The problems of peasant, countryside, agriculture our country confront are striking problems now, which influence our country's overall situation. If we lack better understanding of Chinese traditional rural society, we are difficult to find out a way for further developments which accord with the situation of China. The countryside become the focus of society attention. There are numerous scholars have been taken the study about countryside in various fields. And they have achieved great achievement. Study on rural grass-roots unit management is a significant aspect in research of rural society scheme. However there are a number of problems to be solved. This paper make a regional and practical study of rural grass-roots unit management of Shanxi in early Republic of China from standpoint of historical geography, discuss environment's function in policies operation to have a good look at rural society.This study divided three periods to discuss Shanxi rural grass-roots unit management system in early Republic of China, probed into the operation of these policies and regional disparity, analyzed natural environment and social and cultural conditions having influence on policies operation. The major findings are as follows: First, the sunset of Qing Dynasty, government clamped down new rural grass-roots organizations by posting municipal system. In fact, the new system wasn't in operation. Administrative divisions of county remained as before. Grass-roots organizations before such as Du, lijia, baojia, rural agreement etc. also worked because of historical tradition and inertia.Second, Yan Xishan carried out a new local system in Shanxi. In fact, it was administrative village system. Each county established new rural organizations: Qu-administrative village-Lv-Lin. The administrative village policy began to change to village self-government system. Although there is imbalance when put it into practice between different places and bigger difference between policies and policies operation, but the policies were brought into effect on the whole.Third, policies of national education and irrigation works, planting trees,...