A Study On The Dilemma And Causes Of Middle School Education In Shanxi Province During The Republic Of China (1912-1937)

The purpose of the historical research is not only to reproduce the historical facts,but also to interpret history, with the history as a mirror to inspire the later generations. First of all, this study is based on the historical facts and data about the middle school education in Shanxi during 1912-1937,to present development situation of middle school education in Shanxi.Second,we explore the main difficulties in the process of development of Shanxi middle school education during the period of the Republic of China,and then from the social environment and the education itself,we analyse the reason for difficulties in Shanxi middle school education;Third,Taking history as a mirror, through the objective truth of the development of the middle school education in Shanxi,we combine with the current social reality in order to reflect on the problems existing in the education and provide enlightenment to the current education. Based on the purpose of this study and the way of thought, this research mainly consists of the following five parts:The preface is mainly on the reason for the selected topic, the research review,the definition of the concept, research methods and the innovation and deficiency of the research.The first chapter is about the background and general situation of Shanxi middle school education development during the period of the Republic of China (1912-1937), respectively in the macro and micro perspectives. In the development background, we mainly focus on the natural environment, social environment and education background of Shanxi middle school education development during the period of the Republic of China. The situation is mainly in five micro perspectives, which is about the number and the location of the middle school, the curriculum, teachers,funding and equipment,school management in Shanxi Province during the period of the Republic of China to explore the truth of the development of education and teaching within the education system.The second chapter, based on the analysis of the development of Shanxi middle school education background and general situation, we sum up the four difficulties of Shanxi middle school education during the period of the Republic of China. The first one is the school distribution imbalance, of which the main feather is:big differences in the regional distribution of the school, senior high school and junior high school number ratio imbalance, middle school number and the population ratio imbalance; Second, unreasonable curriculum, of which the main feather is:the out-dated curriculum, large numbers of difficult courses, mixed materials and poor curriculum plan execution; Third, the teacher is weak, of which the main feather is:the shortage of professional teachers, unreasonable structure of teachers and teachers’ low professional quality; the last one is poor funding and equipment.The third chapter explores the reason for difficulties in middle school education during the period of the Republic of China. The content mainly includes three aspects: firstly, from the political, economic, wars and historical factors,we explore the causes of the unreasonable distribution; Secondly, from the unclear school education concept and the goal of school education, we explore reasons for the poor education and the unreasonable curriculum; Finally, from the perspective of weak economic foundation and low teacher’s special field accomplishment, we explore the cause of middle education funding constraints and out-dated equipment.The fourth chapter is about historical experiences and enlightenment. From the unification of education goal and practices, rational allocation of education resources, teaching staffs construction and so on, we analyse the reference and enlightenment of the current education reform and development.