The Analysis On Constraints And Countermeasures Of Employment Of Rural Women In China

China is an agricultural power, the"three agricultural problems"is the top importance of our party and the state's works, the problems of peasant is the core of the"three agricultural problems". In China, women account for more than half of China's total population, rural women account for 70% of women. In order to solve the problems of peasant, we must solve the problems of rural women. At present, the transfer and flow of rural labor force is the core issue of rural economic structure strategy adjustment. The rural labor force account for 70% of nationwide labor force, with the promoting of urbanization process, rural women become the important power of rural labor transfer. How to solve the problems of rural women employment is very important to the development of economy and stability of our society. Promoting the employment of rural women is helpful to the development of rural economy, improvement of women status and stability of society.Based on the actual situation of rural women and combined workforce theory, the author analyze the limitations and barriers to the employment of rural women, and draw on the experience and lessons of employment for rural women in the developed and developing countries, then get some inspiration to promote the employment of rural women in China. It includes four parts:Part one: Defines the concept of the employment of rural women. First defines the concepts of employment, the rural employment and the employment of rural women. Secondly, Combined with the transfer of surplus agricultural labor theory of Marxism, western scholars'employment theories and theory of gender difference, the author makes a theoretical analysis on the employment problems of rural women. Marx's theory provides a theoretical principle for the problem of rural surplus labor force; The western scholars'theories include: theory of the contribution of the rural labor force, theory of the stage of the transformation of employment, theory of the development of economy and transfer of labor force and population flow model; The theory of gender difference includes: Schultz's human capital theory, Becker's discrimination theory of labor force market and Ridgeway's interaction theory. All above theories analyze the employment problems of rural women from different aspects.Part two: The author explains the constraints of the employment of rural women at present. With the promoting of urbanization process, the employment status of rural women has a great improvement over past, but there are still some problems. First, traditional backward ideas restrict the development of women; Secondly, the binary community structure based on the household institution is the system root of the employment of rural women. Because of the existence of system barriers, such as the household system, employment system, land system, city management system and so on, the rural women are difficult to join in the city. Thirdly, the district protection policy constrains the employment range of rural women. Some cities make some policies to prevent the employment of peasants, and control the total, occupation, gender, type of jobs and so on. Some cities collect kinds of charges from the rural women compulsively. All the measures add the burden to the rural women. At last, the self-quality of rural women is the root of preventing their development. The educational level of rural women is too low, the illiteracy rate is very high ,and most of the rural women can't receive the training of technical and skills, which seriously hindered the pace of rural women to find jobs.Part three: Take developed countries Canada and Japan, developing country India as examples, introduce the current employment status of rural women and draw some inspiration and valuable experiences from them. First, the quality of rural women is the basic reason to decide the level of employment. Then the policies of protecting women right should be carried out.Part four: Based on the exploration on the problems and limits of the employment of rural women, the author proposes some solutions and suggestions to the problems. First, improve the quality of the rural women gradually, encourage them to learn knowledge and skills. Secondly, establish the open rural information network, make the rural women get first-hand recruitment information. Thirdly, develop the organization provided for the aged and children in order to solve the worries of rural women. At last, improve rural women's professional organizations and enhance the ability to resist risks.