| The study look forward to establish animal training model by stimulate different altitude training methods through artificial low-pressure oxygen chamber.and apply detection methods of morphological, physiological and biochemical to different training patterns in order to test and analyze the myocardial and blood-related indicators of the rat. Comparative study the influences of morphological and biochemical indicators myocardial cell to the different training methods, and analyze the significance and problems of these methods from the perspective of sport-biochemical and athletic training,to help scientists and coaches understand these issues more comprehensively, meanwhile, make more effective use of these methods in the practice of training.According to the request of experiment,the big mouse stochastically divided into living low compare group (LoC), livinglow- exerciseing low group (LoLo), Living low-Training high group (LoHi), living-high compare group (HiC), Living high-Training low group (HiLo),high-live-high-exercise group (HiHi), Living high-Exercise high-Training low group (HiHiLo), altogether 7 groups, 10 of each group.With A. X.Bigard method,by ways of increases progressively and great intensity runs training method to simulate low oxygen training model. After gave corresponding simulation plateau training (4 weeks altogether), extracted one big mice out of each group to execute head cut stochastically, took the tissue of cardiac apex, made slice in the thickness of 50nm, observed the changes of the mice myocardium cell on five aspects of the cell nucleus, the mitochondrial, the myofibril, the myocardium intercalated plate and the capillary during the process of the low oxygen training by transmission electron microscopy of JEM2-1230.After the simulation plateau training of other mouse of each group completed, made them running out of strength disposablly, recorded the time, then executed head cut, stripped the heart fast, took the blood sample ,separated blood serum, frozen the tissue of myocardium and the blood serum with liquid nitrogen, preserves by refrigerator(-40℃). Examined the activeness and the content of SOD, LDH, LA, CK, SDH,ATP enzyme in myocardium tissue and blood serum with the reagent box.The experiment results showed that: 1) Different effects on heart mitochondria appearanced according to different training methods after 4 weeks of simulated hypoxic training, among which LoC, LoLo, HiLo groups are rich in the number of mitochondria, integrity of structural without damages; however, the morphological structure of mitochondrion showed some damages in the LoHi, Hic, HiHi and HiHiLo groups, which performance of unequal size, different shapes, swelling, gathered ridge and reduced number.2) The influence of myofibrils and muscle cells: In LoC, LoLo, LoHi and HiLo groups, the structural of myofibrils were integrated, the arrangement of myofilaments are neatly and regularly, the sarcomeres were visible clearly and the sarcolemma was intact. In HiC, HiHi, HiHiLo groups, the myofibrils had changes, the arrangements were irregularly with an uneven length, and some local myofilaments lost.3) The influence of capillary vessel and myocardium intercalated disc: HiHiLo group has some capillary vessel structural damages. in different altitude training. Behaviour destroys for blood vessel bast cell nucleus chromatin aggregation, swelling expand, the bast cell has. The LoHi group myocardium intercalated disc has changes , shows being that the bridge granule falls off , the gap enhances , linking clearance leakage and so on. But, every group capillary vessel and myocardium intercalated disc structure have no obvious loss other without damages.4) In the view of changes of LA and LDH in serum, different methods of hypoxia training can improve the anaerobic metabolize ablity of myocardium differently, and the training method used by HiLo, LoHi and HiHi groups could improve significantly.5) In the view of the changes of myocardial energy metabolize indicators, ATP enzyme among the different hypoxia training methods HiLo, HiHiLo and LoHi groups improved the myocardial energy metabolism significantly.6) In the view of changes of CK and LDH in myocardium, different methods of hypoxia training can improve the anaerobic metabolize ablity of myocardium differently, and the training method used by HiLo, HiHiLo and LoHi groups could improve significantly.7) The activity of myocardial SOD by HiLo ,LoHi group increased mostly ;The groups which improved the activity of myocardial oxygen metabolism enzyme SDH most significantly is HiLo, LoHi, which suggest that among methods of simulating altitude training, HiLo, LoHi groups can improve the antioxidant capacity and myocardium aerobic metabolism ability of movement rat.Conclusion:1) Different model of simulation altitude training have some effects on myocardial ultrastructure with 4 wk training, adaptive changes of myocardial, some grops have improved in function of microvascular, but other groups have some gameges. suggesting that different altitude training may lead to different changes in myocardial ultrastructure.2) Different altitude training methods have effect on myocardial physiological and biochemical indicators differently, but overall, altitude training can improve body function effectively, improve the capacity of exercise, among different training methods the high-living low-exercise is especially significant. |
