A Study On The Sex Ratio At Birth Of China

Sex ratio at birth refers to the ratio of the total number of born girl to that of boy during a certain period (usually one year). Generally, we take the ratio of 100 female newborns' number to the relative male newborns' one. In October 1955, the United Nations published the"Basic data for the overall quality of identification"which believes that sex ratio at birth inclines to male. Generally speaking, every 100 born baby girls; about 102 to 107 baby boys would be born. The analysis confirms that sex ratio at birth commonly ranges from 102 to 107. Therefore, the ratio can not be less than 102 or more than 107 which is always considered as a normal range in the international community, but other values are considered to be normal.Based on the history and current situation of the comparative analysis about China's sex ratio at birth, we have summed up the basic characteristics of the sex ratio. In the third national census in 1982, the sex ratio at birth in China was 108.47, only slightly higher than the normal range; In the fourth population Census in 1990, the sex ratio rose to 111.27, significantly higher than the normal range. In the fifth census in 2000, the sex ratio at birth of population was 119.92 which has been far higher than the maximum of normal range. The high sex ratio at birth in China also demonstrates regional difference. Most of the south is higher than the northern region; Southeastern coastal areas are generally higher than inland areas; economically developed areas are generally higher than less economically developed regions. The fourth and fifth census data show that the sex ratio at birth in rural areas is far greater than that of urban areas; and the sex ratio at birth in China, there is a positive correlation between the time children born with fetal birth, following the times to rise.Since the China's family planning policy took into effect, we have been not only brought the population growth under control, but have declined China's total fertility rate below the replacement level. Although the fertility rates decline dramatically in the short term, but because of feudal ideas and the influence of traditional preferences for boys, the continuous advancement of medical abortion and fetal sex identification is becoming increasingly popular, so selective fertility has become a common phenomenon. It leads to high sex ratio at birth in China in a long term and on a increasing state. Based on demographic factors, social and economic factors, and historical factors, the article analyzes that the high sex ratio at birth in China is the result of social, economic, medical and other common effects.The high gender birth proportion brings a series of problems to our country, and it doesn't benefit to the social economic development. The high proportion leads to the relative reduction of the female population directly, and further leads to the reduction of the birth population; and it influences the people reproduction. It has negative effects to the transaction and number of the population. It influences the gender imbalance in junior and senior school, and the imbalance of the married people. Furthermore, it will lead to the imbalance of marriage market in our country, the marriage extrusion and finally influence the marriage stability.In recent years, the specialists in demography are paying attention to the high birth gender proportion. Our government also has carried out rules and laws to prohibit the embryo identification. The essay gives some suggestions in how to solve the high birth gender proportion. Such as, eradicate the gender prejudice, change the traditional bearing idea, set up the new generational idea, pay attention to the high gender proportion in countryside, strengthen the illegal gender identification, perfect the social welfare and endowment insurance, publicize the family planning correctly.We favor males than females in our country since the ancient. At present, the birth gender proportion is higher than the normal lever. It is unpractical to low the proportion to the normal level in a short time, which shows that to adjust the birth gender proportion to the normal level is an arduous and long-time duty. To realize this goal needs the whole social to work together. From the view of the continual development theory, making up the population strategy is to consider the population problem as the important part to harmonize the relation of population, economy, society, resources, and environment. In a word, to solve the high birth gender proportion has substantial realistic meaning for China to make up the correct population policy and build the harmonious society.