There has a long history of ancient initiation education in China. The elementary reading materials as vectors of initiation education have important role in the growth and progress of children. With the development of the history and the society, there are a plenty of elementary reading materials in every Dynasty. Especially in Song Dynasty, the classical and effective reading materials were produced, such as San Zi Jing, Surnames and one thousand words articles, which developed the elementary reading materials.Firstly, the elementary reading materials have been looked back from the beginning in the paper, the prosperous development background and the specific tendency has been also discussed. It is indicated that the elementary reading compiling is a turnover in Song Dynasty as a milestone. Secondly, questions of the characters and the principles of the elementary reading materials compilation have been analyzed in Macro-level and Micro-level, the cause that the elementary reading materials are still popular nowadays is interpreted, which reflects the values and shortcomings of the compilation. Lastly, the compilation of primary school Chinese teaching textbooks is analyzed, which is compared to elementary reading materials, through which the new ideas of reform in primary school Chinese teaching textbooks are produced.
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