A Study Of Different Training Approaches On Track Man's Speed-Strength Ability

Abstract: Strength is the source of power with which man can accomplish various movements and a basic quality determining the athlete's performance. At the present invariable sports technology, the major determining factor for better athletic sports performance is improved specialized skills. With the fast development of science and technology and the advancement of athletic sports, it has become a popular topic in the sports training in China and abroad to explore issues concerning speed strength. Different sport events, especially their key techniques, require different muscle contraction speeds with different strength features, because of the differences in the athletes' physiological features, mechanic features, the characteristics of the events, and the nature and load of the movement. However, the increased speed strength, judged from the major features of different speed strength events, lies in the synchronized improvement of speed and strength on the basis of their coordination in accordance with these features. Therefore, the focus in some current research projects by trainers and researchers alike is to, in view of the characteristics of different events; choose appropriate training methods and approaches for the effective improvement in the athlete's specialized skills and for the optimal training results as well.Any single strength training method can only have limited effect on improving athletic performance for the complexity of human movements. Training practices have proven that different strength training methods bring different effects to human body. This means strength training requires diversified approaches to bring about desired results. The optimal training results can only be brought about when the training is conducted according to the features and attributes of the events, to the athlete's own physiological features and specialized skills, and with the optimized configuration of training methods. Therefore, an effective strength training approach for improved athletic performance will only become practical with a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the mechanical features of the elements of speed strength and a correct knowledge of the nature and characteristics of speed strength events.This article mainly adopts such research approaches as literature review, expert interview, case study, logical analysis and statistic analysis. The subjects are 40 sophomore male students majoring in track and field of Shaanxi Normal University and Xi'an Physical Education University. With large reference to the related literature and the suggestions of the experts, four practical training approaches are carefully designed according to the characteristics of the speed-strength. The 40 subjects are randomly attributed into four groups, consisting of 10 for each. In group one, the subjects are trained to practice small-load (20～30%1RM) barbell with speed-strength in bend standing; in group two, the subjects are trained to practice large-load (60～80%) barbell with speed-strength in bend standing; in group three, the subjects are trained with longer time; in group four, the subjects are trained comprehensively, including barbell holding, various forms of jumping and hurdling. Kistler's three dimensional measurement of force was used to collect the data.After 8 weeks' training, the collected data shows the improvement at various levels with great significant difference. Therefore, in the research, the four designed training methods can improve the subjects' indexes in kinetics, which proves that the designed methods are in accordance with the characteristics of speed-length. However, the different data further indicates that an appropriate method adopted in speed-length training should be conformed to the characteristics and expert ability of the athletics.