The Exploration Of The Cultivation Of Divergent Thinking In Experimental Teaching Of Biology In Middle School

The biology is an experimental science. There are various kinds of factors included in the biology experimental teaching to cultivate the students' divergent thinking. The teacher should raise the experimental teaching in biology as one of the most important ways to cultivate the students' divergent thinking. The latest publication The Full-time Compulsory Education Biology Curriculum Standard (Experimental Manuscript) initiates research-oriented learning, it tries to change the way of study, guides the students to participate initiatively and join the research gladly, exercise at times, which strengthens the students' ability in collection and scientific data procession, the ability to acquire new knowledge and to analyze and solve the problems, as well as the ability to communicate and cooperate with each other and so on, it gives prominence to the cultivation of the students' innovative spirits and the practice ability.This thesis focuses on the study of the research-oriented experiment in Biology, the textbook of junior middle school (eighth grade 2nd), "The effect of alcohol and tobacco on the heartbeat rate of daphnia". The author made a questionnaire survey on both the teachers and the students from seven different junior middle schools in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, and found that these seven schools had not started this experiment. Instead of experimental study, they learnt this part by teachers' oral description, experimental procedures analyzing. Typically, they analyze this experiment in this way: low concentration alcohol is a stimulus to the cardiac rate of daphnia, while high concentration alcohol results in an inhibited effect, and the alcohol and tobacco acts as a stimulus to heartbeat rate. So they figured out that excessive drinking and smoking are bad for people's health. This thesis made a deep analysis on the sources of this experiment, teaching objectives, the practical problems existed in the process of this experiment, and the relationship between alcohol and people's health. And found out that this kind of simple speculation as mentioned before did not conform to the precise of scientific research. It also prohibited the students' divergent thinking. In order to find the strategic ways to cultivate the students' divergent thinking in middle school's biological experiment teaching. This thesis started from the teaching practice, and made explorations in several cases studies. Such as; the demonstration experiment "CO2 released from the seeds in respiration" was changed to be the students' participation research-oriented experiment, and instructed the students to perfect the planning of the experiment "Changes of steamed bread happened in mouth" by the research-oriented experiment, and cultivated the students' ability in experiment design by "How to use the enzymatic laundry powder?" and then set the openness situation for the experimental problems, helped the students to explore the pollution that brought up by the laundry powder by way of biological research, and so on.Through a series of teaching practice explorations, the author summarizes and finds that less participation of the students can not satisfy the students' curiosity of knowledge. If we change these demonstration experiments into the exploration experiments and give full play to the students' leading role, it will benefit a lot to cultivate the students' divergent thinking. The teacher should pay more attention to the experiment analyses in the research-oriented teaching and encourage the students to find out the deficiencies, inspire their innovative minds by perfecting the experimental planning. As for the questions that the students are interested in, the teacher should give them some enlightenments and guidance, let them solve the problems by themselves. draw up the experimental plan, to complete the experiment, the phenomenon recording, the result analyzing, and then draw the conclusion of their own, only in this way can the teacher open the student's minds. The teacher should also establish openness experiment situations that suit the students, let the students design, explore, perfect by themselves. Teachers are the good partisans, guides, as well as good cooperators of the students in research-oriented studies and to train the students' ability in divergent thinking and to cultivate the students' capability of innovation by doing this.