Research Of Nursing Insurance System In Japan Under Population Aging Background

The aging of the population is one kind of forms of age structure change. It is the product of social economic development and it has vital influence to the social economic development. In the process of the continuous deepening of the aging of the population, the social security systems are under tremendous impact and challenge. The question of how to establish and improve the social security systems under the aging of the population background has become a new task for all countries which need to be faced.Japan is the country with the highest aging of the population in the world and it shows the tendency of rapid development. According to the related standard set by United Nations, Japan was stepped into the aging population society in 1970 and the proportion of 65 and over 65 years old takes 7% within the whole population. And this was changed to more than 14% in 1994. Hence, the level of aging population in Japan was doubled within mere 24 years from 1970 to 1994. It is forecasted that the share will be increased to 40.5% in 2055. In other aspect, Japan is the country that has comparatively completed social security systems. The social security systems in Japan were established in 1920s and were improved after the 2nd world war and form comparatively perfect social security system today. From 1990s, with the growing on "Less Young, More Old", the emphases of the social security systems in Japan are switching to elder life, medicare and nursing.Among the social security systems in Japan, Nursing Insurance System is a new system with its special features, which was established in order to cope with aging of the population. Nursing Insurance System was taken into force on April 1, 2000. It is operating via insurance and by providing life service to elders as compulsory institutional arrangement. The essence lies on the establishment of a system which is undertaken by whole society and reduces the elders risks on life based on existing national annuity system. The implementation of the Nursing Insurance System meets the social requirement of aged population on nursing, reduces the huge financial expenditure of the government in this field and prepares earlier from institution in order to cope with ultra aging of the population in Japan. However, since the Nursing Insurance System is a new system, some problems are found during the implementation.China has started Family Plan policy from 1970s. We have completed the switch of population reproduction type within 30 years. With the great decrease of the generation, the problem of the population aging is becoming prominent. According to Nation Economy and Social Development Statistical Communique, the aged population who are 60 years old and above was 153 million in 2007, takes 11.6% of total population; 65 years old and above is 106 million and takes 8.1%. It is forecasted that till 2030, the proportion of age 65 and above will reach 16.2% and it will increase to 23.7% in 2050. Under the background of "Elder before Richness" in China, how to establish and perfect the pension system is an important and realistic topic during the process of building a moderately prosperous and harmonious socialist society.At present, the social security system of nursing for aged population is not established yet in China. But with the rapid development of the population aging in China, it is necessary to set up the social security system on nursing for elders in China gradually. We should set up and perfect the Medical Insurance System at current stage and separate the elder nursing from Medical Insurance System step by step based on that and finally establish our own nursing security system in China. The deep research on Japanese nursing system will provide a valuable experience for establishment and perfect the pension system for aged population in China.There are five parts in this thesis. The first part is the prolegomenon. It is defined first the concepts like population aging, generational relationship, nursing and introduces the theories of population and social security. Second is the comprehensive summary, which summarizes the research achievements by other scholars in China and abroad in the field of aging of the population and nursing security. Last part is to address the research method and thesis structure.The second part is the analysis of the aging of the population development in Japan. First is the analysis of the population and its aging development and it tendency in Japan. And it is summarized the characteristics of population aging in Japan. In the end, it is the analysis of the influence of population aging to Japanese economy.The third part is the comprehensive analysis of Japanese social security systems. First is to divide the changing course of Japanese social insurance system into four phases. By research of institutional development course, it expatiates on the development key issues at different periods of its social security systems in Japan. Then, it is stated the challenges which Japan is facing to during the social security systems development. Last is the introduction of existing problems in Japan for its insurance system and institution for aged population among social security systems. The fourth part is to analyze the nursing insurance system in Japan. It is to introduce in details the nursing system which includes the establishment, the purpose, content, etc. and review its effects and discuss its existing problem.The fifth part is to put forward a suggestion on establishing and perfecting nursing system for aged population in China, by combining the experience of establishment of the Nursing Insurance Systems in Japan, based on analysis of the w...