| As the situation of ageing in our country’s rural areas is more serious and the demand of old-age security in rural areas is increasing day by day, they have been urgent needs to put the old-age security in rural areas into the center of rural reform and survey the old-age security system in rural areas.This article is based on the background of China’s rural ageing and takes China’s rural old-age security system which is under the background of ageing as the main research object. Firstly, by using the statistics data of population, the paper analyzes the current situation, regional distribution and the development trend in the future of China’s rural aging. Then it is found that China’s rural aging degree deepen quickly and has reached to 15.4%, which is higher than the national average of 13.26%. And there is a rapidly increasing in elderly population, which if more higher than the speed of economic development level. Aging degree in rural areas is higher than that in the cities and rural aging degree in the Midwest is higher than that in the developed eastern region, presenting the aging index and the elderly dependency ratio rising. Then the paper analyses the cause of the current situation from the general factors and the non-general factors(i.e., the factors of family planning with Chinese characteristics) separately.The article goes on to review and analyze the evolution and status quo of China’s rural old-age security system. And starting from the current situation of the implementation of the system, this article points out that in the process of ageing in rural China, ageing has impacts on economy, such as "double down" on proportion and number of rural labor; ageing of labor force will reduce the production efficiency, squeeze out of agricultural inputs, and have the influence of the industrial structure; aging also reduces the quality of the elderly’s life, produce social problems, like the elderly left-behind, the empty nest elderly, and so on. Then the article analyzes the challenges of China’s rural old-age security system under the situation of increasingly severe ageing in Chinese rural areas. The first one is that the risk of sustainability of public finance subsidy is rising; second, design and implementation of the rural social pension system are not in place; third, the structure change of rural income is lowering farmers’ insurance intention; fourth, the safeguard function of land is not stable. Based on this, the paper considers that the traditional rural old-age security system which is mainly depend on fiscal transfer payment is urgently needs to improve.As one of the most important resource of farmers, land to peasants’ living security role irreplaceable. Then, the article puts forward the reform of land circulation as an effective way to perfect rural old-age security system. Based on the latest trend of the reform of rural collective land conversion, the article analyzes the chance of completing the rural old-age security system. Moreover, the paper analyzes the case of Cuigezhuang using polling of land as shares to promote the integration reform and joint-stock cooperative system reform. The case indicates that annual per capita income of peasant in Cuigezhuang is high than that in Beijing City for several years. This phenomenon fully proved that land circulation is playing a positive role in improving the level of farmers’ old-age security. The analysis supplements and enriches the experience in perfecting the rural old-age security system.In addition to the cui area as an example for analysis of land investment mode, the article also analyses other innovation models of land circulation reform, such as land transaction, land trusts, land use right securitization and so on. Through this analysis, this paper proves that land circulation reform has positive impacts on increasing income of country and peasants. Based on this, the article puts forward the complementary mechanisms for the perfection of rural old-age security system. This supplement mechanism sets out from the "three pillars" of endowment security system, pointing out that the income increase of peasants and country has positive effect on improving the level of urban and rural residents insurance system, madding it possible to set up a "collective annuity", and improving farmers’ willingness to buy commercial insurance. Land circulation finally becomes effective complementary mechanism of rural social old-age security system, by promoting the development of the "three pillars".Based on the background and the challenge analysis, this paper gives suggestions on the public finances, government policy and system construction for coping with rural ageing and perfecting the rural old-age security system. For example, in the public finances, on the one hand, transfer payments of public fiscal is need to intensify; on the other hand, social resources should be made full use to supplement the rural social old-age security system. In the aspect of government policy, government should give policy support not only on the land circulation but also in improving the welfare system and developing the old-age industry. In the aspect of system construction, in the first, it has to perfect the laws and regulations of land circulation, then to strengthen the supervision mechanism of land circulation, the third to establish a land assets assessment system and lend the land circulation to the road of the marketization. In addition to the suggestion associated with the land circulation, the article also puts forward other suggestions such as perfecting and integrating social relief, social insurance, and social welfare and so on to strengthen the construction of rural old-age security system.The possible innovation of this article lies in the following points. Firstly, it conducts an in-depth study on the reform of rural land circulation. And it tries to put forward an innovative path of completing the rural old-age security system under the background of ageing by using the reform of rural land circulation. Through combining with the existing financial model, more form of land circulation will be created. By using these innovative forms, income of peasants and village collective and the speed of land circulation will increase. Then farmers will have the same security with urban residents, a new situation of economy will open through urbanization, and excess production capacity in the process of economic development will be well digested. And then the article sums up the experience of representative area by filed research to provide the powerful practical support for policy recommendations.
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