A Historical Research On The Shaping Of American Professors As Academic Profession In The Late 19^th And The Early 20^th Century

In the late 19th century and the early 20th century, with the development of scientific knowledge, American university established on the basis of the belief of the "joining of teaching and research" in German university. American university professors as academic profession came into being. In 1915, AAUP (American Association of University Professors) was founded. It standardized the theory and practice of academic freedom and tenure, and protected professors from dismissing without proper reasons in the war time. The thesis describes the initial history of American university professors as academic profession, and analyzes the reasons of the shaping of American university professors as academic profession.The thesis consists of four parts:Part one describes the social background of the shaping of American university professors, and the idea of "joining of teaching and research" in German university.Part two summarizes the five contexts of American university professors as academic profession by contrast with the old-time college professors.Part three analyzes the establishment of AAUP firstly; then describes the obligation of AAUP, finally stresses on the great efforts to protect American professors' rights and obligation by the way of investigating academic freedom cases on the war time.Part four summarizes the reasons of the shaping and development of American university professors as academic profession.