A Study On The Changes Of The Academic Profession Institutions Of Chinese University

The reflection and construction of the institution itself has become an inevitable choice in the face of the reality that Chinese academic profession institution hasn't effectively promoted innovation in knowledge production and knowledge of practical problems. The neo-institutionalism holds the view that "institution shapes action", while the production of advanced knowledge production is a complex action which has its own unique complexity of behavior. Whether the university academic profession institution could play its due role and constraint under the condition of this unique incentive affects the status of university knowledge production directly. As the response to the theory and practice, the research of university academic profession institution is carried out in this background.Generally speaking, the knowledge production is mostly accomplished by academic professionals. Academic profession is a full time one which deals with knowledge production especially that of advanced one. As the main components of academic profession, its performance is in the following areas: discipline as the basis for the organization; teaching as the central task; academic freedom as the core values; loose combination as characteristics for the organization; two-Tier power structure as administration system for the characteristics of the pattern. This particularity directly effects the construction, development, and evolvement of university academic profession institution.This study of university academic profession institution mainly focuses on employment institution, evaluation institution, promotion institution, the pay and the firing institution, etc.From the track of evolvement in history, the university academic profession institution has undergone the three stages of its development: the embryonic period, the modernization of transition and a sound and diversified phase. At each stage of its development, the university academic profession institution has been affected by the inherent logic of academic development, academic community, administrative power, as well as the social needs, such as the role of internal and external forces in a common role. In the course of evolution of university academic profession institution, inherent logic of knowledge development and knowledge community compose the inherent power to constitute the inner institution of academic profession institution, executive power and society demand compose the exterior power which try to constitute the outsider institution of academic profession institution. Then such factors compose the "diplex order evolvement route" of the evolvement of the university academic profession institution, and this route brings a "double helix frame" which results from the action of internal and external forces. From a historical point of view, the evolution of the academic profession institution has its stability and the existence of the impact of changes in the mechanism. The stability has the following factors: the Path Dependency is the intrinsic mechanisms to maintain the stability of the institution; appropriate institutional environment is to maintain the stability of the institution of social infrastructure; academic community is the institution of the central pillar of stability. Changes in the composition of the mechanism include: internal and external institution of non-balanced academic profession is the fundamental reason for institutional change; induced institutional change has become the main form of institutional change; external forces interfere with the institution of non-specific changes is the regulatory mechanism. The tensility balance from a wide range of impact forces and the interaction of the tension is the core mechanism of academic achievement of profession stability change of the university academic profession institution.The formation and evolvement of Chinese university academic profession institution was expanded in the modernization course. The development of the institution has gone through the three formative stages: the institution period and the mutation of the transition institution. From a historical point of view, Chinese university academic profession institution has its own particularities. This is mainly manifested in the following aspects: the continued strength has always been a strong executive-led institution of universities and academic profession changes; Academic strength lacks autonomy because of a long-time inhibition. Exterior institution has been the main body of university academic profession institution all the time. The long-term adhesion result to a adhesive culture, the effect of such a adhesive culture is the twist of the development of inherent academic profession institution, and the long-term route dependence bring its development into a state of Lock-in, which could not carry out its function of accelerate the development of Chinese university academic profession.The crisis of Chinese university academic profession institution is not from the inside and outside phenomenon of the non-equilibrium in the system, but from its long-term "domination" outside the system in history, together with the contemporary phenomenon of the "conspiracy" in the system. The essential of this crisis is the tensility unbalance as a result of the inherent logic of academic development, academic community, administrative power, as well as the social needs. Thus, in order to get rid of the crisis, to promote academic profession development, incentives and norms of academic professionals engaged in the conduct of knowledge production, we need to build a tensility balance mechanism to carry out the mutual restriction of multi-influential power. The most important thing is to strengthen the role of academic organizations, to achieve the transition of academic organizations from "other-organization" to "self-organization", and to foster the academic community. On the other hand, we should delimit the executive power, strengthen administration dominant position in academic profession, and enhance the institutional environment for the academic profession institution, which could afford the basic for the change of university academic profession.