Correlation Analysis Of Nutrition And Intelligence Development Of Students In Huining Senior Middle School

ObjectiveTo study the nutritional status and intellectual development of Huining students in grade one of senior middle school,and then to evaluate the subjects' dietary quality, nutritional status,intelligence development,and basing on these information to discuss the correlation between dietary minor cereals and intelligence development, so as to offer basis information for promoting nutritional status and mental development,and for providing scientific information for scientific research and policy making.MethodThe objects,consistent with conditions,were randomly selected by cluster sampling in Huining senior middle schools.One or two classes were sampled from each school,and 625 subjects were selected from nine classes in all seven senior middle schools.Intelligence development test and nutrition survey(including dietary survey,anthropometric measure,deficiency disease clinical examination,and nutritional status laboratory testing) were put into the practice,and subjects' nutritional knowledge,attitude and practice were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire.Results1 Diet and nutrition(1) Food intakeGrain and tuberous crop were the main food,5%of all the food that objects intake was minor cereals.Grain fruit,bean,dairy and meat intake were higher that the level of the nationwide nutrition and health survey in China in 2002.Girl ate more fruit that the result of the national survey in 2002,and the meat that subjects consumed was lower that the that the result of the national survey in 2002.There had significant difference between the male and the female on the amount intake of rice and flour,minor cereals,cereal and meat,respectively.Methods of food frequency question questionnaire showed that animal food intake was in lower frequency. Dietary index method showed the dietary quality is low and the main problem is inefficient intake of some nutrients and malnutrition was existed.(2) Nutrients intakeStudents Intake of dietary carbohydrate and fiber reached the 90%of the recommend nutrients intake(RNI).Average intake of other nutrients didn't meet the demands in some degree.The ratio of energy that supplied by protein,fat and carbohydrate is not reasonable,and so was the energy distribution of three meals in one day.80%of dietary protein,calcium and iron derived from plant-basted food. 14%of fatty acid that student intake was mostly polyunsaturated fatty acid. All of subjects,about 20%had low intake of energy which did not reach RNI,about 50%did protein and fat intake in average that failed to reach the RNI,66.7%of the male and 40.8%of the female did average intake of fat not reach RNI.The consumption of vitamin A and vitamin B₂ was low and above 92%of students' intake were below AI or RNI.About 20%of subjects consumed insufficient vitamin B₁ and 75%of subjects consumed inadequate Vitamin C that was not reach the RNI.About 99%of all subjects did not eat enough diet calcium which was not reach the AI,90% of female had lower intake of diet iron that did not get to the RNI,and 98%of subjects did not reach the request of iodine RNI and the average intake was lower than 15%of RNI.About 24.5 of female did not reach the request of iron RNI(3) Anthropometric measurements21.07%of males and 17.86%of females had BMI value lower than 18.50 kg/m². Weight,height,and BMI of subject were increasing with age increasing.The results of Huining student were higher than Gansu province but lower than whole nation in the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese school students in 2005.The lean body mass calculated by the sum of SSF and TSF was higher that by the SSF or TSF.The proportion abdominal obesity was lower,only 3.3%of boys had their WHR over than 0.9,and 2.6%of girls over than 0.85.The average of ververck index of girls was higher than the finding of the nation and Gansu Province in 2005.Boys before 16 years had ververck index lower than the findings of Gansu Province and higher than the nation,and after 16 years was lower than both Gansu Province and the nation.(4) Laboratory examinationsIt was examined that the average level of hemoglobin(Hb) was 141.7±25.1g/L, Anemic prevalence rate of male and female were 5.7%and 5.0%respectively,and all these data were lower that the results of the Chinese nutrition and health survey in 2002.The values of serum Glucose,total fat,albumin,triglyceride,and phosphorus of all subjects were in the range of reference.The P₂₅,P₅₀,P₇₅ value of blood lead were all lower than 60ug/l,furthermore,all these value in female were lower than male. There had significant difference between male and female in blood calcium,iron,zinc, magnesium and copper(P＜0.05).Subjects whose blood calcium level had the highest number and the level of copper were following.The average value of TSH and FT4 were 1.91±1.84mU/L,8.36±7.27 respectively.About 61.40%in TSH and 48.42%in FT4 had values lower than reference values.There has more females had lower value about three above compared with males did(P＜0.001).(5) Analysis of Knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaireThe results of multiple linear regression analysis of influential factors on nutritional knowledge indicated sex and origin had a relation with nutritional knowledge.The average score of nutritional knowledge of the crowd was 22.0±5.7, the nutritional attitude was 20.2±4.2,and the practice was 14.9±3.4.The average score of knowledge and attitude of the female was better than that of the male,but practice was lower that it of the male;the average score of the objects in town was better than that of the village(P＜0.05);Nutritional knowledge had a highly positive correlation with nutritional attitude(r=0.300,P＜0.001) The knowledge about specific functions and nutritional value was in low level.2 Intelligence developments(1) Attention(Q value),learning(L) and memory(M)The survey found that females' Q value,L value and M value all are lower that males',subjects who came from urban have higher value of Q,L and M,however,and the difference between urban and rural was not statistically significant(P＞0.05). There have no significant difference among three income groups in Q-vlaue,L-value and M-value(P＞0.05).With the increasing of the highest degree of parents,Q,L and M value did not change significantly and statistically significant differences were not existed in different cultural level(P＞0.05).(2) General intelligence(IQ)There was no significant difference in IQ value between males and females, however,the IQ was decreased with the age increasing(P＜0.05).The IQ distribution was different in the characteristics of origin,age and level of parents' education. Students who lived in town had higher IQ than those lived in rural and the difference between them was remarkable(P＜0.05).Students' IQ rose along with improvement of the level of parents' education,nevertheless,it didn't correlate with average monthly income.The IQ value positively correlated with values of learning transfer(L-value) and memory span(M-value),respectively,but it didn't have any significant relationship with value of attention distribution(Q-value).3 Correlation analyses between dietary nutrition and intelligence development (1) The effect of dietary minor cereals intake on the nutrition and intelligence developmentDifferent dietary intake of minor cereals did no significant difference on total protein,albumin,triglyceride and cholesterol and glucose,however,there had significant difference between the Control group and high-dosage group in the level of serum phosphorus(P＜0.05).With the increasing of the intake of minor cereals, blood Fe and Mg gradually increased,and blood copper gradually reduced. Comparison these three groups of minor cereals intake,only serum P,VB₂,protein,Fe, Zn,Mg,and Ca intake had significant difference(P＜0.05).With the increasing intake of minor cereals,subjects' Q value and S value gradually decreased,and M value and IQ value did not change significantly.Pearson correlation analysis showed that there had no significant correlation between dietary minor cereals intake and IQ value,S value M value and Q value(P＞0.05).It was showed from the Spearman analysis that IQ scores had no remarkable difference with minor cereals(P＞0.05)(2) Correlation analysis between intelligence development and nutritional statusWith the increasing of IQ,subjects' blood Fe,Zn,Ca,Cu and serum P content increased,but Serum TP decreased.It was found from the survey that there existed positive correlations between IQ and dietary calcium intake,M value and dietary Zn intake,M value and dietary iron intake,Q value and VA intake,respectively(P＜0.05). There had no remarkable correlations between diet protein,fat and carbohydrate and IQ,Q,M and S value,respectively.The intelligence test values rose with the improvement of iodine nutritional status.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the level TSH and FT4 positively correlated with IQ(P＜0.001).The results showed all intelligence test values did not correlated with the amount of every kind of food (P＞0.05).ConclusionGrain and tuberous crop were the main food;energy intake basic met the demand of the body development,and the dietary quality trended optimization.Physical development situation was good,and anemia prevalence rate was low.However,the main problems existed were inadequate intake of total food,excessive intake of plant food and little intake of animal food.The mastery level of nutrition knowledge is low, nevertheless,they have positive attitude do accept knowledge and change bad behavior.The intelligence developments of subject were in normal range.The IQ distribution was different in the characteristics of origin,age and level of parents' education.Attention,learning and memory correlated with intelligence in some degree.The correlation intelligence developmental and food(including grains intake),or the nutrients in most is not obvious.Single food or nutrients cannot satisfy the human body needs,and simple unilateral emphasize delicate degree of food do not promote human nutrition improvement.Aiming at the existing problem,suggestion is given:(1) to take comprehensive reasonable intervention measures,adjust measures to local conditions,regulate food supply,optimize dietary structure;(2)to carry out nutritional education for students and other local people and when is necessary do nutritional supplement and take measures of fortification.,(3) to balance education resources,increase nutrition support and create good environment,promote local students to improve nutritional status and intelligence.