Transmuting And Embedding: Small Farmers In The Process Of Village Modernization

Traditional China is a small farmers' country. Since thousands of years, there are full of small farmers 'characteristics in Chinese local society. So, it is necessary to understand the changing village and the transmuting farmers, if we want to know China being in process of modernization. For a long time, people are given to study modernization issues of rural society by the analysis perspective and thinking path of "government construct rural society". Such studies are always submitting to the theory of transforming small farmers, and neglect the social facts that rural society has spontaneous order, which affects rural social changes. These one dimension experience interpretation is on perspective of state standard。So, it is likely to fall into "impact-response" dilemma of western theories of modernization, misleading our thinking. Nowadys, farmers are more and more different from traditional small farmers, although they have the same form with each other. Obviously, it is difficulty to explain the transmuting farmers if we just use western classical theory for analysis tool. It is possible for us to know a variety of "social secret "in the process of village modernization, on when we through positive participant observation and independent rational thinking to study, adding perspective of "social fact" and an evident event analysis.This paper selected He village of the city of Jiangshan, Zhejiang as the site of the countryside inquisition, with the study vision of social transformation social change, to carry out detailed studies of daily life and production of small farmers (white mushroom Farmers) in this village field. During the process of study in this paper, we will observe, record and think the mushroom farmer's dress, food, house, courtesy demands reciprocity, custom and taboo, and seek the characteristics and occurrence logic of mushroom farmer's transmuting, the meaning and difficult position of mushroom farmer's transmuting in the process of village modernization. Meanwhile, this study will be based on the "social fact" of rural social modern changes, by according to the method of Karl Marx' historical materialism, insisting on integrity of history and logic, empirical facts and theoretical deduction.Through the specification and analysis of the evolution history of mushroom farmers' "daily life", we find that mushroom farmers are being involved in a high flowing and work division social system, while modernity factors are permeating and extending in village society. At the same time, mushroom farmers are transmuting: the modem telling and seeking in life, market choice of economic action, rational tendency of cultural value, public participation of political field. However, mushroom farmers' transmuting cannot be achieved overnight. There is a kind of occurrence logic in this process, which is accompanying with social structure transformation. It is the interaction result of the following three factors: inducing of institutional evolution and innovation, socialized production basic on peasant economy and driving of the "egoism" in social action. It is also the refraction of modernizing village social in the peasant family's world of daily life. In the meantime, mushroom farmers have to face the development problems to be solved, such as magnetization predicament because of daily life's marketization, the weakening of value-production' power by village itself, the lack of public goods supply, and so on. Causing and solving of these problems are close contact with Chinese cultural tradition. In the process of promoting modernization Construction, How to fully excavate local traditional knowledge elements is a great subject, which is worth of us to pay more attention and continue thorough research.