Study On Primary School Teacher Certification In The Period Of The Republic Of China In Shandong Province

At the end of Qing dynasty, the emphasis of developing modern education was on secondary education and higher education in Shandong. As the development of primary education was relatively drop behind, the students that eligible for secondary school was deficiency. Therefore, in the early Republic of China, Shandong made primary education as a priority. But because the students that graduate from normal school were too small, a large number of private tutor that worked in old-style school and those that do not have the qualification of teachers became the teachers teaching in new-style school. This was seriously affected the education and teaching quality of primary school. In order to standardize the teaching staff, the education department strengthened the training of primary school teachers, at the same time, certification became an important task for developing primary education. After more than 30 years of the time,the formation of certification for primary school teacher system in Shandong was gradually completed and it was also becoming an important part of education examination.As a system, certification for primary school teacher has a progressive development in Shandong. The overall point of view, in the period of the northern warlords, they have performed 7 times certification in Shandong. But the effect was not good and it was far to reach systematic. From 1930, Shandong not only created rules about certification for primary school teacher, set up agencies, organized strict test, but also printed the names whose were eligible as a book to publish and be implemented when hiring teachers. Therefore, we say, in 1930s, the certification for primary school teacher in Shandong has become a system, and was seriously put into practice. After this, from the outbreak of the war to the founding of new China, there are three provincial government coexist in Shandong, Japanese puppet government, Kuomintang and Communist Party. In order to strengthen construction, the three kinds of political power had the development and administration of primary education as a policy priority. The work of certifying primary school teacher was continued in their respective regions with different content and way.Viewing from the materials grasped, the author find that scholars still lack of systematic research about the certification system of primary school teachers in Shandong in the Republic of China and how this system implemented. From this study, the author try to outline the development of the system, and give analysis and appraisal to the effect it have in different times.This article contains four part:Part One: The laws and regulations of the certification for primary school teacher promulgated by Beijing Government, and the implementation situation in Shandong.Part Two: The system of certification for primary school teacher in Shandong in the region of Nanjing Government and the implementation of it. In this period, the provincial government promulgated several laws and regulations of the certification for primary school teacher, and the implementation of the program is integrity. By analyze two work report of the Certification Committee, outline how the system constituted and implemented and its effect. By analyze the content and form of the test question, discussed the characteristic of the test.Part Three: The situation about the certification for primary school teacher in Colonized areas, Kuomintang areas and Old liberated areas in Shandong after the outbreak of the anti-Japanese war.Part Four: Appraise the certification for primary school teacher in Shandong and its effect in the Republic of China. The author hold that the system can exist in a long time and achieve some success is not separated with its self-contained work mechanism.