A Study Of The Relationship Between The Central Plains Dynasty And The Ethnic Groups In The Northern

China is a multi-ethnic country since antiquity. Jin Dynasties and Southern and Northern Dynasties see an ethnic migration and fusion era in the history of China, and it is an important time in the history of China. In terms of the later stage of Northern Dynasty, The pace of national fusion and the national unity accelerate further, and it is an important period in which Jin Dynasties and Southern and Northern Dynasties began to transform to the unity of Sui and Tang dynasties. What’s more, the ethnic relationship in this period mainly includes tribute, alliance, friendship, warship and coexistence between the Central Dynasty and the northern bordering ethnic groups in the politics, economy, culture and other aspects.First of all, in this paper, geographical environment and the natural climate in the Northern bordering region are introduced, which shapes the unique characteristics of nomads in Northern bordering area of China. At the same time, the relationship between Northern bordering minorities and the Central Dynasty in pre-Qin period, Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty are also introduced.Secondly, the re-rise of the Rouran minority and northern politics are analyzed. After Northern Wei fell, considering its lack of power, Western Wei firstly began to establish the alliance with the Rouran minority to resist the invasion from Eastern Wei. Till540AD, the sudden death of YuJiu Lv changed the relationship among the three, causing the estrangement between Western Wei and the Rouran minority, which also provided the opportunity for Eastern Wei to get close to the Rouran minority.Fortunately, at that time, both West Wei and East Wei decided to establish alliance with A Nagui, a leader of the Rouran trough marriage, which just met the satisfaction of A Nagui, and all of these made the Rouran’s re-rise. However, its prosperity was superficial and its rejuvenation was due to the tangled wars between Western and Eastern Wei. That’s why the Rouran was wiped out by powerful Turks, another minority group in Northern bordering region.Third, the rise of the Turks and its relationship with the Central Dynasty are introduced. After the independence from the Rouran, the Turks began to establish the mutual trust alliance with West Wei through marriage, which was shown in the wars to Qi and to Tuyuhun after the Northern Zhou replaced the West Wei. However, after the failures of two attacks at Qi Dynasty in563AD and564AD, the Northern Zhou didn’t benefit from the alliance and therefore continued its marriage strategy with the Turks, but they just kept the political alliance with each other to restrict Northern Qi. Because of the incitement of Norther Qi in the relationship between Northern Zhou and the Turks, and the wait-and-see attitude of the Turks, the unity of northern China and the defeat of the Northern Qi by Northern Zhou were accelerated.Forth, the exchanges between the Central Dynasty and the Northern bordering ethnic groups in economy and culture are mentioned, the fall of Rouran and the rise of the Turks are inseparable from the exchanges of the Central Dynasty in economy and culture. To trade everywhere for more profits, Sogdians have to rely on the local authority, they are good at nine aboriginal languages, which contributes to its their trade as a means of exchange between the Central Dynasty and the northern bordering minorities. Besides being businessmen and ambassadors, Sogdians also play a role in politics, economic trade and culture communication.Fifth, the transport routes linking the Central Dynasty and the Northern border area in the late Northern Dynasty are included. There are four main routes including the Yan Sui Route(Lian Gu Route), Yan Xia Route(Shi Ben Route), Jin Ling Route(Bing Si Route) and Ju Yanhai Route.Lastly, through the analysis on the relationship of more than40years between the Central Dynasty and the Northern bordering minorities in the late Northern Dynasty, six phases can be divided. Also, profound effects played by the rise and fall of the Northern bordering minorities on the northern situation and west and east politics in the central area have been discussed.